Comparison of NextGen and SESAR Modernisation Initiatives

1. Comparison of NextGen and SESAR Modernisation Initiatives ASAS TN2 Paris By: Don Ward Date: April 2008

2. The “Driving Need” is Similar for NextGen and SESAR • One Billion+ Passengers in U.S. Skies by 2015 • Potential for Triple Demand by 2025 • New Entrants Such as Very Light Jets • Global Market Opportunities • Travel and Tourism Growth • Aviation and Aerospace represent a large portion of GDP

3. But, There Are Problems • Aging, Inefficient, Unreliable and Costly Air Transportation Infrastructure • Reaching the Limits of Capacity • Rapidly growing concern over environmental impact

4. NextGen Goal Achieve a Next Generation Air Transportation System that meets the nations’s future air transportation safety, security, mobility, efficiency, and environmental needs SESAR Goal To achieve a performance-based European ATM System, built in partnership, to best support the ever increasing societal and States’ (including military) expectations for air transport with respect to the growing mobility of both citizens & goods and all the other aviation activities, in a safe, secure & environmentally sustainable & cost-effective manner

5. Similarity in Regional Environment • Pressures • Growth-Capacity Conflict • Environment • Affordability • Commercial Customers • Obligations • ICAO Oversight • Opportunities • Advances in Technology • Procedure Improvement

6. Differences in Regional Environment • Geography • Weather problem • Traffic distribution/density • ATM Service • Number of Service Providers • Source and methods of Finance • Market • General Aviation • Culture and Politics • Number/Diversity of States

7. NextGen & SESAR Objectives are Similar • Expand Capacity • Global Aviation Harmonization • Ensure Safety (with increasing capacity) • Protect the Environment • Improve Service for Aviation Customers

8. NextGen Construct differs from SESAR • Institutional • U.S. Government is ANSP (won’t change any time soon) • FAA funding is not cost-based • FAA includes regulation and service provision • Different stakeholder balance • Major lobbies for GA and business users, single military presence • Scope: • NextGen curb-to-curb, security, … • Industry involvement different • NextGen is more government owned and driven • Industry participation is through the NGATS Institute to avoid competitive issues

9. NextGen: A Look Under the Hood

10. NextGen Functional Areas Trajectory-Based and Performance-Based Operations and Support Airport Operations and Support Safety Management Environmental Management Framework Layered Adaptive Security Net-Centric Infrastructure Services Weather Information Services Positioning Navigation and Timing Services Surveillance Services

11. Trajectory-Based and Performance-Based Operations and Support Services and Operations based on precise trajectory execution • User preferences are accommodated as best possible • 4D-/Business Trajectories are digitally exchanged among aircraft, operators, and service providers • Use four-dimensional trajectories to analyze and predict system behavior

12. Net-Centric Infrastructure Services • Network Enabled Operations (NEO) • Network Enabled Infrastructure (NEI) • Network Enabled Weather (NEW) System-Wide Information Management

13. Weather Information Services • Net-centric weather information is made available and understandable to all approved users • A reliable virtual, common weather picture is foundational for optimal air transportation decision-making • Emphasis is not just about improving forecasts, but on making better decisions with available data

14. Convective Weather Problem

15. Layered Adaptive Security • Adaptive Security for People, Cargo, Airports and Aircraft • Risk Assessment-Driven Evaluation and Response • Positive Identification for People and Cargo • Preventive Threat Detection and Mitigation

16. Position, Navigation and Timing Services (PNT) • Air routes are independent of the location of ground-based navigation aids • RNAV is used everywhere; RNP is used where required • System performance meets operational needs to service the demand • Increased availability of guided approaches at smaller airports* *Mostly for general aviation with lower minimums

17. Airport Operations and Support • Improved surface Information • Potential use of Virtual Towers • VFR-like operations when using instruments

18. Safety Management • Integrated evaluation, rather than relying on post-accident data analysis • Identify emerging threats through improved collection and analysis of safety data

19. Environmental Management Framework • Holistic approach to impact on environment • Fuel savings and reduced emissions & noise are central goals to NextGen • Continuous Descent Approach will be an early demonstration program for NextGen

20. Surveillance Services • Migration from ground-based surveillance to satellite-based systems

21. The Integrated Work Plan • Provides the integrated framework to achieve the NextGen vision across all major development partners. • Builds upon the framework presented in the 2004 Integrated Plan • Describes the transition from the current to the end state defined in the NextGen Concept of Operations and the Enterprise Architecture. • A dynamic instrument continually refined and enhanced to reflect current priorities, budgets and programs IWP will be the JPDO plan to achieve NextGen www.jpdo.gov

22. Summary of Key Characteristics for NextGen and SESAR • Shift to increase User Focus • User preferences and business models • Distributed and Collaborative Decision-Making • Distributed, but optimize on Network Plan • Implement Just Safety Culture/Safety Management • Take advantage of Automation; Tailor automation to assist humans • Human role will shift to ATM, with less emphasis on tactical control • Reduce Impact of Weather • Equivalent Visional Ops for NextGen • 80% equivalence for SESAR • Common weather picture and improved decision support • Migrate to digital and satellite-based technologies

23. Core Technologies, Capabilities & Sys Eng Epoch 1 FY07-11 Complete R&D leading to mid-term Continue R&D that address long-term NextGen challenges Develop & implement known & new procedures, infrastructure, technologies Develop NextGen systems integration plan for mid-term transition to NextGen Complete infrastructure and systems engineering for mid-term Mid-Term Transition to NextGen Epoch 2 FY12-18 • Aircraft equipped for the mid-term & upgradeable to NextGen target • Deliver NextGen services & capabilities across domains • Complete “hard” infrastructure – airports, runways, terminals, security • Management & operating models support transition to NextGen and long-term sustainability NextGen Solutions Fully Integrated & Operating Epoch 3 FY19-25 • NextGen solutions fully-integrated & operating across air transportation system • Services managed & operating in ways that achieve transformational outcomes across air transportation system NextGen ATM Evolution Research Building NextGen FY07 – 11 4DT Management Performance-Based Ops & Services Equivalent Visual Ops (CDTI) Roles of Pilots & Controllers FY12 – 18 Super Density Operations Time-Based Surface Ops Right Sizing of Facilities FY19 – 25 Research for Transformed NextGen State

24. SESAR ATM Evolution

25. SESAR Implementation

26. Elements sort by: • Agency • Interdependencies • Type • Timing Net-Enabled Information Access Performance-Based Services Weather-Assimilated Decision Making Layered, Adaptive Security Position, Navigation, and Timing Services Trajectory-Based Aircraft Ops “Equivalent Visual” Ops “Super Density” Ops Timing Agency Rulemaking Interdependencies NextGen Integrated Work Plan Data Elements

27. SESAR Operational Improvement Construct

28. ASAS Self Separation Nextgen and SESAR both plan to migrate Separation method from ATC as done today, progressing to airborne self-separation • NextGen (EN-0032) Self Separation timeline 2022 • SESAR timeline is IWP3; post 2020

29. SES AR Joint Undertaking How We are Working Together JPDO Global Harmonisation Work Group Memorandum of Cooperation between FAA and Eurocontrol Memorandum of Understanding between FAA and EC Joint Participation on numerous Global Work Groups Joint agreement on Atlantic Interoperability Initiative to Reduce Emissions (AIRE)