Roosevelt and Progressivism

2. Roosevelt and Progressivism Objective: Explain how reformers tried to solve the problems of the cities and how Roosevelt helped them

3. The Progressive Era:1890—1920 • Progressivism—An early 20th-century reform movement seeking to: • Return government to the control of the people • Restore economic opportunities • Correct injustices in American life • Reform— the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, or unsatisfactory • Conservation: controlling how natural resources are used.

4. Return Government to the hands of the People: • 3 Political Reforms: • Direct Primary: allowed voters to choose the party candidates rather than the party conventions. • Initiative: allowed voters to propose a law directly. The “idea” comes from the people not the legislators

5. Referendum: a proposed law was submitted to the vote of the people. • Recall: allowed people to vote an official out of office

6. 2008 Presidential Primary Results http://politics.nytimes.com/election-guide/2008/results/votes/ The first initiative went before the voters in 1912. It proposed granting women the right to vote, and was approved with 68 percent in favor. Arizona’s Marijuana Initiative http://www.abc15.com/dpp/news/state/how-az's-medical-marijuana-initiative-differs-from-ca

7. Draw Pictures of direct primary, initiative, and referendum, recall • Answer this question: • How does direct primary, initiative, recall and referendum return government to the hands of the people?

8. Promoting Social Welfare Social Reform: • Settlement houses: helped the poor and immigrants improve their lives. • Offered services such as daycare, education, and health care to needy people in the slums. • Jane Addams--founded a settlement house called, Hull House, in Chicago.

9. Founded by Jane Addams Hull House helped Thousands of immigrants In Chicago.

10. Creating Economic Reform • Limit the power of big business and regulating its activities • Sherman Antitrust Act – 1890 made it illegal for corporations to gain control of industries by forming trusts • Required a strong president to enforce

11. “TrustBuster”-- a term that referred to President Theodore Roosevelt's policy of prosecuting monopolies, or trusts that violated the Sherman Anti-Trust Act that made it illegal for corporations to gain control of industries by forming trusts. • Roosevelt broke up Railroad and Oil trusts. (Total of 44) • Taft actually broke up more trusts, but Roosevelt gets more credit. (total of 99)

13. Then and Now • BIG BUSINESS AND COMPETITIONIn the late 1800s, John D. Rockefeller made a fortune as he gained control of most of the nation's oil refineries, oil fields, and pipelines. In 1906, the government filed an antitrust suit against Rockefeller's Standard Oil. This resulted in its breakup in 1911. The cartoon above shows Standard Oil as an octopus.   In the 1990s, Bill Gates became the richest man in the world as he built Seattle–based Microsoft into a computer software giant. In 1998, the government filed an antitrust suit against Microsoft. It charged the company with using illegal tactics to gain a monopoly with its computer operating system and Web browser.

14. How does breaking up trusts and monopolies give more economic opportunity? • More people can own businesses • People will have more choices for products • Competition for products reduces the price.

15. Progressive Reforms • Muckrakers: A name given to journalists who exposed corruption in American society in the early 1900’s. • Upton Sinclair, author of The Jungle. This novel describes a Chicago meat packing plant in which dead rats end up in the sausage. Sinclair focused his attention on the poor sanitary conditions under which the meat-packers worked. _i_The_Jungle___i__A_View_of_Industrial_America.asf

16. Progressive Laws1906 • Meat Inspection Act-required meat to be inspected before sale • Pure Food and Drug Act-bannedthe sale of impure foods and drugs. FDA NEWS RELEASE For Immediate Release: August 19, 2010 URGENT Nationwide Egg Recall Eggs in Their Shells May Put Consumers at Risk for Salmonella

17. Answer the question: How did Upton Sinclair’s book “The Jungle” influence American life?

18. Teddy Roosevelt:1901-1908 • First progressive president: became president after William McKinley was assassinated in 1901. • “Trust-Buster” • “Regulator” of Business • “Crusader” for Conservation – controlling how natural resources are used • Known for his “Square Deal”- its purpose was to ensure fairness for workers, consumers, and big business.

19. Conservation • Doubled number of national parks in US • Congress refused to establish more • Used Antiquities Act to create national monuments instead – preserved the Grand Canyon and Petrified Forest

21. Activity and Summary • What kinds of problems did progressives attempt to solve? • What did President Roosevelt mean by a “square deal,” and how did he try to achieve it? • What were Roosevelt’s achievements in the field of conservation? • Activity: Illustrate one of the problems or solutions of the progressive era