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The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 Mission: Overview and Status

The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 Mission: Overview and Status. Y.-H. Kuo, W. S. Schreiner, C. Rocken, R. Anthes, UCAR N. Yen, J. J. Miau, NSPO. COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate). 6 microsatellites launched in April 2006 Three instruments:

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The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 Mission: Overview and Status

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  1. The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 Mission:Overview and Status Y.-H. Kuo, W. S. Schreiner, C. Rocken, R. Anthes, UCAR N. Yen, J. J. Miau, NSPO

  2. COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) • 6 microsatellites launched in April 2006 • Three instruments: • GPS receiver, TIP, Tri-band beacon • All six spacecraft are operating • Produced GPS RO soundings: • -2.1M neutral atmospheric profiles • 2.2M ionospheric profiles • 1,500 ~ 2,000 soundings per day • 1230 registered users from 54 countries • 90% of the soundings delivered within 3h A Joint Taiwan-U.S. Mission FORMOSAT-3 in Taiwan

  3. 2.2 Million Profiles in Real Time4/21/06 –1/19/2010 1230 registered users from 54 countries

  4. Improvements to CDAAC Inversion Software: < 6km OLDInversion Software (With sliding median filter) NEWInversion Software (Without sliding median filter) 1 July 2007 COSMIC - ECMWF COSMIC - ECMWF • With COSMIC Open Loop Tracking and CDAAC RH inversion software • ~ 85% penetrate to 1 km of surface at high latitudes. • ~ 65% penetrate to 1 km of surface at low latitudes. • Negative N bias?

  5. Operational ECMWF system September to December 2008. Averaged over all model layers and entire global atmosphere. % contribution of different observations to reduction in forecast error. Forecast error contribution (%) GPS RO has significant impact (ranked #5 among all observing systems) in reducing forecast errors, despite the small number of soundings. Courtesy: Carla Cardinali and Sean Healy, ECMWF

  6. COSMIC Impact on NWS forecast accuracy • AC scores (the higher the better) • for forecast days 1-8 • 40-day experiments: • expx (NO COSMIC) • cnt (operations - with COSMIC) • exp (updated RO assimilation • code - with COSMIC) COSMIC provides 8 hours of gain in model forecast skill at day 4!!!! This is a very significant impact for a single observing system. Courtesy Lidia Cucurull

  7. Variability of the Boundary Layer Depth over Certain Regions of the Subtropical Ocean from 3 Years of COSMIC Data S. Sokolovskiy, D. Lenschow, C. Rocken, W. Schreiner, D. Hunt, Y.-H. Kuo and R. Anthes University Corporation for Atmospheric Research National Center for Atmospheric Research 14th IOAS – Poster 534 AMS 90th Annual Meeting, Atlanta GA, 17-21 January, 2010

  8. An example of strong inversion layer on top of ABL Radiosonde data 23 January 2002 15.97S, 5.70W RO observables modeled from the radiosonde data. The “step-like” structures in bending angle and refractivity

  9. Determining the height of ABL (and other inversion layers) from radio occultation signals (two methods) max. bending angle lapse (BAL) in a sliding window max. lapse of N gradient obtained by linear regressions in two adjacent sliding windows

  10. Distribution of COSMIC data in time and local time for the South Atlantic Region At the beginning of the mission all satellites were in one orbit plane, that resulted in sampling at two local times. With the separation of the orbit planes the sampling became close to uniform in local time.

  11. Distribution of occultations with sharp ABL top over the oceans (and some land areas) in 2008 The sharpest ABL tops are observed over the subtropical oceans (red boxes show the regions selected for the study of variations)

  12. Diurnal variations of the ABL depth (thin lines – standard deviations of the mean) North Pacific South Atlantic South Pacific (I) South Pacific (II)

  13. Validation of the diurnal variations of the ABL depth with atmospheric models is difficult because the models: (i) do not provide sufficient vertical resolution at the ABL top (ii) do not provide uniform sampling in local time Internal validation: estimation of the diurnal variation over desert produces expected results (deeper ABL in the afternoon). Sahara Desert

  14. Diurnal Variation of Refractivity over the Oceans From: Jie Xiang et al. (UCAR)

  15. Potential Follow-on COSMIC-II: Expected Launch in 2014 FORMOSAT-3 FORMOSAT-3 FO 任務規劃 8 high-inclination-angle SCs + 4 low-inclination-angle SCs Data is distributed homogenously

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