Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures

1. Chapter One:The Meeting of Cultures Secotan Village, 1585 • America Before Columbus   • The Civilizations of the South • Incan and Aztec Empires  • The Civilizations of the North • Hunting and Gathering • Cahokia • Gender Relations Iroquois Women

2. How the Early North Americans Lived

3. Europe Looks Westward  • Commerce and Nationalism • European Population Growth • Black Death and Feudalism • Growth of Cities and Towns • Merchant Class • Renaissance • Rise of Monarchies/Nation States • Trade and Exploration • Portugal and Prince Henry • Christopher Columbus • Columbus’ First Voyage • Ferdinand Magellan • Circumnavigation of the Globe  Marco Polo Leaves for the Far East “Following the Light of the Sun, we left the Old World.” -Christopher Columbus “The church says that the Earth is flat, but I have seen the shadow on the moon and I have more faith in the shadow than in the church.” -Ferdinand Magellan

4. Europe Looks Westward  • Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 • The Spanish Empire • “Conquistadores”  • Spain’s Northern Outposts • St. Augustine and Santa Fe • Assimilation and Accommodation • Columbian Exchange • Beneficial and catastrophic Exchanges • Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination European Exploration and Conquest, 1492-1583

5. Biological and Cultural Exchanges • Forced migration of labor . . . • Crops • Livestock • Technology • Disease De Soto in North America

6. Europe Looks Westward  • Africa and America  • Trade States of West Africa • Matrilineal Societies • African Slavery • Slave Trade • Incessant demand for labor in the New World • Plantation Economies • European Slavery • By Birth • Racialized • Traders • Portuguese • Dutch • English Capital and the Industrial Revolution

7. Protestant Reformation “Free will does not enable any man to perform good works, unless he is assisted by grace; indeed, the special grace which the elect alone receive through – John Calvin • Martin Luther • 95 Theses – 1517 • Justification by Faith • Authority of the Scriptures • John Calvin • Institutes of the Christian Religion (1559) • Sola Scriptura -the Bible "alone" • Predestination • The Elect and success • Henry VIII • Act of Supremacy 1534 • Anglican Church • Debate over purifying the church

8. Trade Models

9. Colonization and Mercantilism • Mercantilism • Amassing national wealth • Controlling Trade- Tariffs and Duties • Favorable Balance of Trade (Surplus vs. Deficits) • Colonies as a source of raw materials • Spain: Gold, Silver, Sugar, Tobacco • England: Tobacco, Indigo, Rice, Lumber, Sugar • France: Fur • Dutch: Fur

10. War and Restoration • Stuart Dynasty- 1603 • James I • Absolutism • Charles I 1625-1649 • Parliament and the Power of the Purse • Religion • Elizabeth’s Truce • Puritan’s Complaints • Archbishop Laud • Great Migration • The English Civil War • Oliver Cromwell • Puritan Commonwealth • Mercantilism Ascendant • Restoration 1660-1685 • Charles II • Glorious Revolution 1689 • William and Mary • English Bill of Rights • John Locke- 2nd Treatise on Civil Government "WE STUDY THE GLORY OF GOD, AND THE HONOUR AND LIBERTY OF PARLIAMENT, FOR WHICH WE UNANIMOUSLY FIGHT, WITHOUT SEEKING OUR OWN INTERESTS . . .“ - Oliver Cromwell

11. The Arrival of the English   • Incentives for Colonization • Scarce Land • Mercantilism • Religious Motives for Colonization • The English Reformation • Puritan Separatists • Lessons of Irish Colonization • The First English Settlements • Failed Colony of Roanoke 1585 • Jamestown 1607 • Plymouth 1620

12. The Arrival of the . . . • The French in America • Quebec 1608 • Traders, Trapper s and Missionaries • Few Dissenters • Few women • The Dutch in America • New Amsterdam 1625 • Dutch East India Company • Dutch West India Company • Traders . . . New Amsterdam Preacher in Period Dress

13. Chapter Two:Transplantations and Borderlands • Financing Colonization • King’s Grants /Charters • Joint Stock Companies • Virginia Company • The Early Chesapeake • Jamestown’s Early Ordeal • John Smith • Powhatan Confederation • Pocahontas • Lord De La Warr • The “Starving Time” "Now we worked so harmoniously that in three months we made three or four cases of tar, pitch, and soap ashes, produced some glass, made a well in the fort . . ., built some twenty houses, re-roofed our church, provided nets and seines for fishing; and built a blockhouse in the neck of our peninsula.” -John Smith

14. The Early Chesapeake The Growth of the Chesapeake, 1607-1750 • Reorganization and Expansion • The Tobacco Economy • John Rolfe • Continuing Labor Issues • The “Headright System” • Birth of American Slavery 1619 • House of Burgesses 1619 • Demise of the Virginia Company • Virginia becomes a Royal Colony 1624 The Non-Indian Population of the Chesapeake, 1607-1700

15. The Growth of New England   “But about the 16th of March, a certain Indian came boldly amongst them and spoke to them in broken English, which they could well understand but marveled at it. At length they understood by discourse with him, that he was not of these parts, but belonged to the eastern parts where some English ships came to fish . . . his name was Samoset.” - William Bradford • Plymouth Plantation • Holland and The Scrooby Separatists • Non-Conforming Separatists • Plymouth Founded 1620 • Mayflower Compact • Theocracy • Pilgrim-Indian Interaction • Samoset and Tisquantum (Squanto) • The Massachusetts Bay Experiment 1630 • Massachusetts Bay Company • Jonathan Winthrop • “City on a Hill” • Great Migration • 20,000 “For we must Consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us.” - John Winthrop

16. The Growth of New England   • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • First written constitution in the New World • Theocracy • Roger Williams’ Dissent • Rhode Island • Separation of church and state • Anne Hutchinson • Antinomian Heresy • Maine and New Hampshire The Growth of New England, 1620-1750

17. The Growth of New England   • Settlers and Natives  • Land • Religion • Conflict tribes • Wampanoags • Pequots • Narragansett • Mohegan • The Pequot War 1637 • King Philip’s War 1675 • Metacomet • Great Swamp Massacre A Pequot Village Destroyed The Non-Indian Population of New England, 1620-1700

18. The Early Chesapeake “Forasmuch as in a well Governed and Christian Commonwealth matters Concerning Religion & the honour of God ought in the first place to be taken into serious Consideration and endeavoured to be settled…” - “Act Concerning Religion” • Maryland 1632 • George Calvert • Religious haven for English Catholics. . . • Protestant migrants • “Act Concerning Religion” 1649 • Meant to protect the Catholics • Class Issues in Maryland • Modeled on Virginia

19. The Early Chesapeake • Bacon’s Rebellion • Sir William Berkeley • Virginia’s Royal Governor • Established a Boundary for “White” Settlement • “Backcountry” Resentment • Nathaniel Bacon • Member of the “Gentry” • Leads the “Rabble” against the Tidewater Gentry • Consequences of Bacon’s Rebellion • New Slave Codes • Decline of Indentured Servitude “But I thank God, there are no free schools nor printing, and I hope we shall not have these hundred years; for learning has brought disobedience and heresy, and sects into the world, and printing has divulged them, and libels against the best government. God keep us from both.” - Sir William Berkeley

20. The Restoration Colonies • The Carolinas 1663 and 1665 • Anthony Ashley Cooper • Proprietors • Fundamental Constitution for Carolina • John Locke • Elitist/Aristocratic Document • Close Ties with the Caribbean • Carolina Divided 1729 • New Netherland, New York, and New Jersey • New Amsterdam Seized 1674 • Unequal wealth and power – Class again • Patroons • New Jersey Founded 1702 • The Founding of Georgia • Oglethorpe’s Philanthropic Mission

21. The Development of Empire • The Navigation Acts • The Dominion of New England • Lords of Trade • Sir Edmund Andros • The “Glorious Revolution” • Dominion of New England Abolished • “Leislerians” and “Anti-Leislerians” • Growing Participation in the Imperial System