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Prenatal Period to 1 year

Prenatal Period to 1 year. Chapter 6 . What are the two main factors that influence growth and development?. Stress and Family Environment and Stress Environment and Heredity Heredity and Gender. Heredity: Zygote formation. Sperm + ovum Zygote 23 chromosomes .

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Prenatal Period to 1 year

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  1. Prenatal Period to 1 year Chapter 6

  2. What are the two main factors that influence growth and development? • Stress and Family • Environment and Stress • Environment and Heredity • Heredity and Gender

  3. Heredity: Zygote formation • Sperm + ovum • Zygote • 23 chromosomes 

  4. Heredity: Zygote formation • Gender • X & Y Chromosomes • Ovum • Always X • Sperm • X or Y

  5. Dominant & Recessive Genes Dominant Recessive Traits only appear if they exist in pairs • Capable of expressing traits over other genes

  6. Karyotyping: Eye ColorB = Brown b = blue MOM has brown eyes but has recessive blue gene. Bb Dad has brown eyes with no recessive gene. BB All the kids would have brown eyes Punnett Square

  7. Karyotyping: Eye ColorB = Brown b = blue MOM has brown eyes but has recessive blue gene. Bb Dad has brown eyes with a recessive blue gene. Bb ¾ kids would have brown eyes. Punnett Square

  8. Karyotyping: Eye ColorB = Brown b = blue MOM has blue eyes bb Dad has brown eyes with a recessive blue gene. Bb ¾ kids would have brown eyes. Punnett Square

  9. Recessive disorders • >700 recessive gene diseases • Sickle-cell disease • Tay-Sachs disease • Hemophilia

  10. Environment • “From the moment life begins, the environment begins to exercise its influence on the newly formed entity.”

  11. For you personally, when does life begin? • Conception • Implantation • When there is a heart beat • When the fetus is viable if it was born • When the baby is born

  12. Environment:Healthy Pregnancy • Rest • Exercise

  13. What is the best form of exercise for a pregnant women? • Bicycling • Walking • Swimming • Jogging • Kick-boxing

  14. Teratogens • Tobacco • i birth weight • Growth restrictions

  15. Teratogens • Alcohol • *1st trimester • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) • Miscarriages • Growth restriction • CNS damage

  16. Teratogens • Bacteria, viruses • Rubella

  17. What is the estimated length of human pregnancy? • 28 weeks • 38 weeks • 40 weeks • 42 weeks • 48 weeks

  18. Physical Characteristics

  19. Neonate • Apgar score • Activity • Pulse • Grimace • Appearance • Respiration

  20. What is the highest score a neonate can get on a Apgar score? • 2 • 3 • 10 • 12 • 15

  21. Head & Skull • Head ¼ of total body length

  22. Skull • 6 bones • Separated by cartilage • Sutures • Fontanels • Anterior • Posterior

  23. Which fontanel is smaller? • Anterior • Posterior

  24. When does the posterior fontanel “close” by? • 2 months • 4 months • 6 months • 8 months • 12 months or more

  25. When does the anterior fontanel usually “close” by? • 6 months • 12 months • 18 months • 2 years • 3 years

  26. What is the normal lengths of a full-term neonate? • 12 inches • 18 inches • 20 inches • 24 inches • 36 inches

  27. How much does a normal infant grow in the first year? • ½ inch a month • 1 inch a month • 1 ½ inch a month • 2 inch a month • 2 ½ inch a month

  28. Normal Physiological Weight Loss. How much weight on average does a neonate loss in the first few days of life? • 5-10 % of birth weight • 15-20% of birth weight • 25 – 30% of birth weight • There is no such thing as normal physiological weight loss in a neonate

  29. Skin • Acrocyanosis • Pigmentation

  30. Mongolian Spot • Usually fads by… • Age 4 years • 6 month old

  31. Lanugo

  32. VernixCascosa

  33. Milia

  34. Physiological Jaundice

  35. What causes physiological jaundice? • High RBC count in newborns • Increased RBC destruction after birth • High bilirubin levels • All of the above • None of the above

  36. Genitals • Breasts • Swollen • Scrotum • Large

  37. Pseudomenstruation • Blood-tinged vaginal discharge

  38. What is the cause of most genital physiological anomalies in newborns? • High / elevated maternal hormone levels • High / elevated paternal hormone levels • High / elevated neonate hormone levels

  39. Cryptorchidism • Undescended testicle/s

  40. Cryptorchidism • h risk of • Testicular CA • Infertility

  41. Genital • Circumcision

  42. What STD causes blindness in newborns? • Syphilis • HIV • Gonorrhea • Chlamydia • Herpes

  43. Face • Eye • Erythromycin • Silver nitrate

  44. When do baby teeth start to come in? • 2 months • 4 months • 6 months • 8 months • 12 months Deciduous teeth

  45. Which teeth normally erupt first? • Two lower central incisors • Two upper central incisors • Two lower lateral incisors • Two upper lateral incisors

  46. By age 12 months the baby will have 6-8 teeth

  47. Abdomen • Umbilical cord • Falls off • When? • 10 days • What should the baby not do / have until the umbilical cord “falls off” • No tub bath

  48. Why do you have to “burp” the neonate? • Cardiac sphincter • Under-developed

  49. Bowel movement • Meconium • Green-black

  50. Bowel movement, Stool or Feces Formula Fed Breastfed Mustard seed color Sweet odor • Pasty yellow or tan • Odor

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