860 likes | 1.06k Views
Prenatal Period to 1 year. Chapter 6 . What are the two main factors that influence growth and development?. Stress and Family Environment and Stress Environment and Heredity Heredity and Gender. Heredity: Zygote formation. Sperm + ovum Zygote 23 chromosomes .
E N D
Prenatal Period to 1 year Chapter 6
What are the two main factors that influence growth and development? • Stress and Family • Environment and Stress • Environment and Heredity • Heredity and Gender
Heredity: Zygote formation • Sperm + ovum • Zygote • 23 chromosomes
Heredity: Zygote formation • Gender • X & Y Chromosomes • Ovum • Always X • Sperm • X or Y
Dominant & Recessive Genes Dominant Recessive Traits only appear if they exist in pairs • Capable of expressing traits over other genes
Karyotyping: Eye ColorB = Brown b = blue MOM has brown eyes but has recessive blue gene. Bb Dad has brown eyes with no recessive gene. BB All the kids would have brown eyes Punnett Square
Karyotyping: Eye ColorB = Brown b = blue MOM has brown eyes but has recessive blue gene. Bb Dad has brown eyes with a recessive blue gene. Bb ¾ kids would have brown eyes. Punnett Square
Karyotyping: Eye ColorB = Brown b = blue MOM has blue eyes bb Dad has brown eyes with a recessive blue gene. Bb ¾ kids would have brown eyes. Punnett Square
Recessive disorders • >700 recessive gene diseases • Sickle-cell disease • Tay-Sachs disease • Hemophilia
Environment • “From the moment life begins, the environment begins to exercise its influence on the newly formed entity.”
For you personally, when does life begin? • Conception • Implantation • When there is a heart beat • When the fetus is viable if it was born • When the baby is born
Environment:Healthy Pregnancy • Rest • Exercise
What is the best form of exercise for a pregnant women? • Bicycling • Walking • Swimming • Jogging • Kick-boxing
Teratogens • Tobacco • i birth weight • Growth restrictions
Teratogens • Alcohol • *1st trimester • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) • Miscarriages • Growth restriction • CNS damage
Teratogens • Bacteria, viruses • Rubella
What is the estimated length of human pregnancy? • 28 weeks • 38 weeks • 40 weeks • 42 weeks • 48 weeks
Neonate • Apgar score • Activity • Pulse • Grimace • Appearance • Respiration
What is the highest score a neonate can get on a Apgar score? • 2 • 3 • 10 • 12 • 15
Head & Skull • Head ¼ of total body length
Skull • 6 bones • Separated by cartilage • Sutures • Fontanels • Anterior • Posterior
Which fontanel is smaller? • Anterior • Posterior
When does the posterior fontanel “close” by? • 2 months • 4 months • 6 months • 8 months • 12 months or more
When does the anterior fontanel usually “close” by? • 6 months • 12 months • 18 months • 2 years • 3 years
What is the normal lengths of a full-term neonate? • 12 inches • 18 inches • 20 inches • 24 inches • 36 inches
How much does a normal infant grow in the first year? • ½ inch a month • 1 inch a month • 1 ½ inch a month • 2 inch a month • 2 ½ inch a month
Normal Physiological Weight Loss. How much weight on average does a neonate loss in the first few days of life? • 5-10 % of birth weight • 15-20% of birth weight • 25 – 30% of birth weight • There is no such thing as normal physiological weight loss in a neonate
Skin • Acrocyanosis • Pigmentation
Mongolian Spot • Usually fads by… • Age 4 years • 6 month old
What causes physiological jaundice? • High RBC count in newborns • Increased RBC destruction after birth • High bilirubin levels • All of the above • None of the above
Genitals • Breasts • Swollen • Scrotum • Large
Pseudomenstruation • Blood-tinged vaginal discharge
What is the cause of most genital physiological anomalies in newborns? • High / elevated maternal hormone levels • High / elevated paternal hormone levels • High / elevated neonate hormone levels
Cryptorchidism • Undescended testicle/s
Cryptorchidism • h risk of • Testicular CA • Infertility
Genital • Circumcision
What STD causes blindness in newborns? • Syphilis • HIV • Gonorrhea • Chlamydia • Herpes
Face • Eye • Erythromycin • Silver nitrate
When do baby teeth start to come in? • 2 months • 4 months • 6 months • 8 months • 12 months Deciduous teeth
Which teeth normally erupt first? • Two lower central incisors • Two upper central incisors • Two lower lateral incisors • Two upper lateral incisors
Abdomen • Umbilical cord • Falls off • When? • 10 days • What should the baby not do / have until the umbilical cord “falls off” • No tub bath
Why do you have to “burp” the neonate? • Cardiac sphincter • Under-developed
Bowel movement • Meconium • Green-black
Bowel movement, Stool or Feces Formula Fed Breastfed Mustard seed color Sweet odor • Pasty yellow or tan • Odor