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8/22 – Spanish in America

8/22 – Spanish in America. What was the role of mercantilism? – Ch. 7. Bullionism : economic health measured in amount of metal (gold or silver) that the nation possesses. Wealth = power Favorable balance of trade: more exports than imports. Self-sufficiency

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8/22 – Spanish in America

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  1. 8/22 – Spanish in America

  2. What was the role of mercantilism? – Ch. 7 • Bullionism: economic health measured in amount of metal (gold or silver) that the nation possesses. • Wealth = power • Favorable balance of trade: more exports than imports. • Self-sufficiency • High tariffs on imported manufactured goods • Sea power necessary to control markets • Where do colonies fit into this?

  3. Christopher Columbus • Makes the first important contact in the New World • Discovery, encounter, or exchange? • CC builds a village, but when he comes back it is destroyed. • Second voyage – Dominican Republic • This settlement lasts. • Beginning of Columbian exchange

  4. In what ways was Christopher Columbus’ “discovery” a turning point in world history?

  5. Biological and Cultural Exchanges • Disease – smallpox, wipes out millions • Spanish brutality – natives seen as savages • New crops, livestock • Europeans learn new agricultural techniques, crops – maize • Mestizos

  6. Expansion of the Spanish Empire • Rapid increase in Spanish interest in New World after Columbus. • Main focus: profit • Pattern of Spanish: exploration, conflict, conquest, slavery, establishment • Conquistadores – Spanish conquerors • “Gold, God, Glory”

  7. The Spanish Empire • Encomienda System - permitted the explorer to demand from Native Americans labor and tribute if they attempted to convert them to Catholicism. • Essentially slavery

  8. Three Phases of Spanish Empire • Discovery and exploration – Columbus through the first two decades of sixteenth C • Conquistadores – military expeditions established dominion over lands (once ruled by Native Americans) • 1570s – new Spanish laws banned the most brutal military conquests – Spanish empire-building was through colonization.

  9. Spanish Empire • At first, gold was the only motive for exploration and conquest. • After the first two phases, many traveled in hopes to create a profitable agricultural economy. • Many traveled for religious purposes – converting natives to Catholicism

  10. Spanish Empire • Towns, mission settlements - Catholic • Many Indians were converted and used for labor • Indians died by the thousands from smallpox • Mestizos – native women marrying Spanish men • Economy is agricultural, ranching • Highly stratified society – government, military leaders, church leaders at top, natives at bottom.

  11. Spanish Empire • By the end of 16th C – Spanish empire is one of largest in history of world • Extracted large amounts of gold and silver • European economy was transformed.

  12. Portugal • Prince Henry the Navigator – navigator school, improvements in technology • Portuguese sail east and down the coast of Africa • Treaty of Tordesillas – Spain gets land to west, Portugal gets land to east and Brazil. • Portugal connects New World, Africa, and Europe.

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