Study Guide- Early Humans

1. Study Guide- Early Humans

2. What are the names of the three prehistoric eras ?

3. Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic

4. What term is used to describe each era based upon the tools that were made and used ?

5. Old, middle and new stone age

6. What scientific family classification do early human ancestors and humans belong to ?

7. Hominid

8. What are the 2 genus names of hominids ?

9. Australopithecus and Homo

10. What are the 3 species of the genus Homo and what does each name mean ?

11. Homo habilis – Handy Man

12. Homo erectus= Standing Man

13. Homo Sapien = Wise man

14. Which Hominid was first to control fire, migrate and use a hand axe ?

15. Homo Erectus

16. Which Hominid created fire ?

17. Homo Sapiens

18. What are the two types of homo sapiens ?

19. Neanderthal and Cro Magnon

20. What were the defining features of hunter gatherer societies ?

21. Paleolithic ( Stone Age): small groups, gather plants, seeds, fruits, nuts; men hunted; painted caves, learned to use fire to cook, developed language

22. What steps did humans take in developing tools and how did these tools improve their lives ?

23. Old Stone Age – tools of stone , sharpened one side using another rock, other side = handle – called choppers, used for food ;cut, chop or scrape roots, bones, meat (Homo Habilis)

24. Hand Axe from flint used to break tree limbs, dig , cut animal hides(Homo Erectus) same tools for variety of purposes

25. Attach wooden handles creating spears to hunt larger animals like deer, horses, bison and mammoths (Homo Sapiens )

26. How did climate and geologic changes affect human development ?

27. 1.6 million yra Ice Ages lasting 10,000 years created land bridge: Migrations from Africa to Asia to SE Asia and Europe took place

28. Colder climate led to using animal skins to sew clothing, using caves for shelter and then building shelters called pit shelters then tents, wood, stone and bones

29. Colder climate led to man making fire

30. Warmer climate led to new plants growing; wheat and barley growing wild drew people to settle where grains grew

31. Humans learned how seeds could be used to grow own crops; changing plants and animals to be more useful to humans = domestication = shift to gathering to food producing is Neolithic Revolution

32. What were some basic ingredients to the agriculture revolution ?

33. Climate change to make newer plants

34. Understanding how to grow and domesticate plants and animals

35. Language to share knowledge

36. Tools

37. Use of fire

38. How did the agricultural revolution of the Neolithic era change human culture ?

39. Stability from growing and raising plants and animals and using animals for tasks ( carry, pull)

40. Not just survival means time to make clothes, build permanent settlements, growth in population, towns, religious ceremonies ( megathliths = huge stone monuments maybe for religion

41. Surplus of crops to trade and store

42. Time to specialize: tool makers, builders, fishers, craftspersons, priests and leaders

43. Environment changed as animals forced out with land being used to farm, plants and trees cleared

44. Pottery to store food, weaving baskets and cloth

45. Where were early humans thought to live first and where and why did they migrate to other locations ?

46. 1.6 million yra Ice Ages lasting 10,000 years created a land bridge: humans moved from Africa to Asia to SE Asia and then Europe

47. Who are some of the archaeologists and anthropologists who found some of the earliest remains of early humans and their communities ?

48. Mary Leakey Donald Johanson (found Lucy) Louis Leakey (homo habilis bones) Raymond Dart (Taung - child skull of australopihtecine)

49. What were some of the most famous archaeologist excavation sites and names of remains they found ?

50. The Otzal Alps of Italy : Otzi the Iceman found Terra Amata - site of homo erectus hunters and gatherers Catal Huyuk in Turkey - a neolithic town France - Caves of Lascaux - art