Genetic Mutations

1. Genetic Mutations Objectives: 8.4 Relating ways chance, mutagens, and genetic engineering increase diversityExamples: insertion, deletion, translocation, inversion, recombinant DNA

2. Insertions • Can be three types: • Point mutation • Frame-shift mutation • Insertion • Point mutation: a change in a single base of the gene sequence. • The fat cat ate the wee rat. • The fat hat ate the wee rat. Source: http://www.daftblogger.com/genetic-diseases-and-mutations/frameshift-mutation/

3. Insertions • Frame shift mutation: one or more bases are inserted or deleted, shifting the other bases, sometimes into nonsense. • The fat cat ate the wee rat. • The fat caa tet hew eer at. Source: http://www.daftblogger.com/genetic-diseases-and-mutations/frameshift-mutation/

4. Insertions • Insertion: the addition of extra DNA (CAN result in frame-shift mutations) • The fat cat ate the wee rat. • The fat cat xlw ate the wee rat. Source: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/DNA_Mutation

5. Deletions • A portion of DNA is deleted from a chromosome. • Can range from no effect to death. • This is the cause of 2/3 of case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Source: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/DNA_Mutation

6. Translocation • A transfer of genetic information between 2 nonhomologous chromosomes. Source: http://employees.csbsju.edu/HJAKUBOWSKI/classes/ch331/dna/mutation2.gif ... utechdmd2015.wikispaces.com

7. Inversion • An entire section of DNA is reversed. • The fat cat ate the wee rat. • The fat tar eewehtetstac. Source: http://employees.csbsju.edu/HJAKUBOWSKI/classes/ch331/dna/mutation2.gif ... utechdmd2015.wikispaces.com

8. Summary Source: http://msthomas79.edublogs.org/2010/04/15/rna-protein-synthesis-mutations-in-a-nutshell/

9. Insertion and Deletion Results Source: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~sjjgsca/DNAmutation.html

10. What Do Chromosomes REALLY Look Like?