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Diabetes Mellitus as a health problem in Sri Lanka . Subtopics. Introduction Types of Diabetes Mellitus Causes Complications Global effect of Diabetes Mellitus Effect of Diabetes in Sri Lanka Prevention Conclusion. Introduction.
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Subtopics • Introduction • Types of Diabetes Mellitus • Causes • Complications • Global effect of Diabetes Mellitus • Effect of Diabetes in Sri Lanka • Prevention • Conclusion
Introduction Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood glucose level, either because the body does not produce enough insulin or cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced.
Types of Diabetes Mellitus • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Was previously called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes. • It develops when the body's immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells. • This form of diabetes usually strikes children and young adults. • Type 1 diabetes may be autoimmune, genetic, or environmental. • 10% or less of the total number of people with diabetes are suffering from type 1.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • Was previously called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes. • In adults, type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. • Usually begins as insulin resistance, a disorder in which the cells do not use insulin properly. • As the need for insulin rises, the pancreas gradually loses its ability to produce insulin. • It is associated with older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, physical inactivity, and race/ethnicity.
Causes • Genetic defects of β-cell Function • Genetic defects in insulin processing or insulin action • Exocrine Pancreatic Defects • Chronic pancreatitis • Pancreatectomy • Pancreatic neoplasia • Hemochromatosis • Drugs • Glucocorticoids • Thyroid hormone • β-adrenergic agonists
Causes Cont…. • Endocrinopathies • Growth hormone excess (acromegaly) • Cushing syndrome • Hyperthyroidism • Pheochromocytoma • Glucagonoma
Complications • Diabetic ketoacidosis • Hypoglycemia • Diabetic coma • Cataract • Amputation • Diabatic Neuropathy • Hyper osmolar non ketotic coma
Global effect of Diabetes Mellitus • 346 millionpeople worldwide have diabetes. • More than 80% of people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries. • WHO projects that diabetes deaths will double between 2005 and 2030.
Effect of Diabetes in Sri lanka • In Sri lanka The latest figures about diabetes prevalence (2005/2006) indicate a double-digit prevalence in the urban sector 16.4% and 8.7% in the rural sector. • This poses a great need to increase the awareness of the condition in the general population. • As a developing country in Asia the prevalence in Sri Lanka is similar to that of India and is part of the epidemic.
Latest Figures • A Cross –sectional study conducted between 2005 and 2006, • Prevalence of pre-diabetes in urban and rural population was 11.5%
Standardized prevalence for Sri Lankans aged ≥20 years – 10.3%
Change in the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Sri Lanka (1987 to 2006)
Why Diabetes is a problem to a developing country like Sri Lanka? • Increasing number of patients put forward an unnecessary burden to the free health system in Sri Lanka. • Diabetes is incurable so life long treatment should be given. • Due to the high amount of complications (Amputation , Cataracts etc.) the government should have to treat them additional to diabetes.
Cont… • The government must bare extra capital on awareness programs, clinics etc. • Diabetes can be genetically transmitted, so the future generations also are affected. • The Diabetic patient will face social and economical problems.
Did you know? • There is NO CURE for diabetes • Globally, 7 million people will develop diabetes each year • Every 10 seconds 2 people develop diabetes • More young persons are at rise • Upto 50% of all person with diabetes are unaware of their condition • Every 10 seconds a person dies due to diabetes-related causes • There is a reduction of life expectancy of 5-10 years • 50% of persons with diabetes die of cardio vascular disease, heart and strokes. • Diabetes in the developed world is ranked as the leading cause of blindness, renal failure and lower limb amputations. • It has been estimated that between 5-10% of the total healthcare spending of the world is spent on diabetes related conditions.
Special thanks to, Dr. ChampaWijewikrama
Our group members • HGY Nisshanka • PDP Nisansala • DGV Nisansala • PVGN Nirman
Thank You LIG