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PSYC 330: Perception

PSYC 330: Perception. TASTE. An Independent Sense?. Yes, and No “true” taste Retronasal olfaction Taste versus Flavor. The Stimulus. What taste experiences do you have? An uncontrolled phenomenological experiment or sorts……. A.K.A. an excuse to eat candy in class! .

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PSYC 330: Perception

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  1. PSYC 330: Perception TASTE

  2. An Independent Sense? • Yes, and No • “true” taste • Retronasal olfaction • Taste versus Flavor

  3. The Stimulus • What taste experiences do you have? • An uncontrolled phenomenological experiment or sorts……. • A.K.A. an excuse to eat candy in class! 

  4. Procedure: Group 1 • Place “tastant” on your tongue while nose is completely plugged EYES SHUT TOO!!!!! • Shut mouth, keep nose plugged, allow tastant to sit on tongue for a few moments. • Try to describe taste. • Try to identify taste. • Rate, on a scale of 1 to 10, your certainty

  5. Procedure: Group 2 • Place “tastant” on your tongue • EYES SHUT TOO!!!!! • Shut mouth, allow tastant to sit on tongue for a few moments. • Try to describe taste. • Try to identify taste. • Rate, on a scale of 1 to 10, your certainty

  6. The Stimulus • What “true” taste experiences do you have? • Sweet • Sour • Salty • Bitter • Additional candidates? • Umami • Fatty

  7. The Stimulus • What taste experiences do you have? • Sweet • Sour • Salty • Bitter • What is the role of texture (mouth feel) • somatosensation

  8. The taste hardware • Papillae – vary in shape and location • Fungiform (around perimeter of tongue) • Foliate (on sides) • Circumvallate (across back)

  9. The taste hardware • Taste buds (several on each papillae)

  10. Coding the primary tastes

  11. The evolutionary relevance of the primary tastes

  12. Sweets – biologically useful sugars found in carbohydrates • Salts – also biologically necessary • Sours – acids (okay in lo dose) • Bitter – alkaloids, poison detectors • Many receptors, one output • Again, somewhat dose-dependent

  13. Coding taste • Labeled-line or Pattern activation? • Almost labeled-line

  14. Brain Structures in Taste • Cranial nerves (mutual inhibition)  nucleus of the solitary tract (in medulla) • Thalamus • Primary taste cortex (insular cortex) • Orbitofrontal cortex

  15. Taste Preferences • Nature or nurture? • Tastes or flavors? • Role of Evolution Steiner – Facial Expressions in Infants Specific hungers theory - Richter - salt, sugar, beyond? Role of variety

  16. Poison-Based Avoidance Conditioning • a.k.a. – conditioned taste aversions Conditioned aversion to saccharine resulting from exposure to gamma radiation. Garcia, Science, 1955

  17. Manipulating flavors

  18. For foodies….. Flavor is a multi-modal experience - taste - smell - vision Temperature matters Texture matters Role of fat Variety Balance Portion

  19. Mindful (or mindless) eating http://www.newharbingeronline.com/01-Mindful-Raisin-Eating.mp3

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