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Timothy J. Strathmann Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Center of Advanced Materials for Purification

90683701-0. Developing Targeted Treatment Strategies for Pharmaceuticals and Wastewater-Derived Micropollutants. Timothy J. Strathmann Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Center of Advanced Materials for Purification of Water with Systems

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Timothy J. Strathmann Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Center of Advanced Materials for Purification

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  1. 90683701-0 Developing Targeted Treatment Strategies for Pharmaceuticals and Wastewater-Derived Micropollutants Timothy J. Strathmann Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Center of Advanced Materials for Purification of Water with Systems University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL

  2. Outline • Pharmaceuticals and Wastewater-Derived Micropollutants • Research Questions • Current Projects • Conventional: Oxidation by MnO4- • Future: Oxidation by visible light photocatalysis • Future: Reduction by H2-activated metal catalysts • Challenges to Treating Pharmaceuticals

  3. Strathmann Group Research Questions • Can we identify improved strategies for treating Pharmaceuticals & WW-derived micropollutants? • Redox transformation to inactive byproducts • Selective • Sustainable • What are the mechanisms controlling micropollutant redox transformations? • kinetics • transformation products • effects of water quality & non-target constituents

  4. A. Oxidation by MnO4- • Goal: Assess pharmaceutical fate during existing treatment processes • Previous work examined reactions with other water treatment oxidants (Cl2, O3), but little known about reactions with MnO4-

  5. A. Oxidation by MnO4- • Kinetic model developed from lab experiments accurately predicts extent of carbamazepine removal from utility source waters • LC-MS2 and NMR methods combined to identify products and elucidate reaction mechanism k2,298K = 310 M-1 s-1 Ea = 21 kJ mol-1 Cinit = 10 mg/L 2 mg/L KMnO4 25 ºC, pH 8.0 Rate pH independent Hu et al., manuscript in prep

  6. B. Oxidation by TiO2 Photocatalysis Goals: • Characterize kinetics and mechanism of antibiotic oxidation • Identify strategies for improving chemical selectivity hn HCO3-, NH4+, SO42- UV + TiO2 - + Cipro Nanophase TiO2

  7. Photocatalysis Under Visible Light? (l > 400 nm) Cipro • Photocatalytic degradation under visible light? • Atypical behavior can be exploited for selective treatment within mixed waste streams Paul et al., ES&T (2007) Hu et al., Wat Res(2007)

  8. Visible Light Photocatalysis Mechanism hn (visible) -OH O2- Br- -OH BrO3- e- C.B. O2 -OH TiO2 -OH stable organic byproducts V.B. -OH -OH -OH

  9. C. Reduction by H2-activated catalysts • Reductive processes are functional-group selective halogenated DBPs, solvents triclosan (antibacterial soap) Iodinated contrast agents N-DBPs Goals:1. Characterize kinetics and mechanism 2. Improve process sustainability NH4+ + H H H H H H H nanophase Pd0/Pt0/Ni0 nanophase Pd0/Pt0/Ni0

  10. Pd-Catalyzed Reduction of X-ray Contrast Agents • X-ray contrast agents highly resistant to conventional wastewater treatment • Rapidly dehalogenated to more biodegradable product 4.9 mg/L DOC GAC treatment 1.3 mg/L DOC pH 7.0 PH2 = 1 atm 1.4 mgPd L-1 Knitt et al., ES&T (2008) Frierdich et al., ES&T (2008)

  11. Energy Efficiency and Removal of Pharmaceutical Potency Photochemical and Photocatalytic Oxidation of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics PEQ = potency equivalents of product mixture relative to parent pharmaceutical I*t = fluence = photon energy delivered to during treatment Dodd et al., in prep

  12. Challenges to Treating Pharmaceutical Micropollutants • Removing the drop of poison in the ocean of water • How low should we go? • Which pharmaceuticals/metobolites? • New solutions should be sustainable • Energy efficient • Limited chemical inputs • Membrane processes • Heterogeneous catalytic processes

  13. Micropollutant Reduction Strategies Micropollutant Oxidation Strategies Andrew Frierdich Lindsay Knitt Claire Joseph Tias Paul Lanhua Hu Matt Sugihara Heather Martin

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