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Unified Financial Analysis Risk & Finance Lab. Chapter 13: The going-concern view / General mechanisms Willi Brammertz / Ioannis Akkizidis. Taxonomy of Analysis. Markets. Markets. Natural Time. Behavior. Counter- parties. Behavior. Counter- parties. Contracts. Contracts.
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Unified Financial Analysis Risk & Finance Lab Chapter 13: The going-concern view / General mechanisms Willi Brammertz / Ioannis Akkizidis
Markets Markets Natural Time Behavior Counter-parties Behavior Counter-parties Contracts Contracts Dynamic Simulation e1 e2 e3 en Financialevents … Investment Horizon Liquidity Value Income Sensitivity L@R E@R V@R Risk
NPV Static Analysis Assets Existing Business Time Existing Business Liabilities t0 Volatility in t0 () Yield Time to Maturity
Dynamic Analysis • New volume /reinvestment • Type of new business • Pricing Assets New Business Existing Business Time Liabilities Existing Business t0 New Business Spread Yield curve t2 Yield curve t1 Yield curve t0 ... Yield Time to Maturity P&L
Static analysis vs. going concern • Reasons why going concern is important • Life is a flow (and so is finance) • Relative obscurity of the going concern view • Increasing importance
Elements of dynamic simulation • Market forecast • New production (of financial contracts) • Other risk factors (Counterparties, Behavior) • Cost (and other revenues, P&L)
Market Forecast • Forward rates • <> Economic forecast • Biased • Economic forecast, real world (see chapter 4) • Techniques • What-If • Monte Carlo
Conflicting volume targets • Different strategy elements affect volumes • Reinvestment • Behavioral • Target volumes • Order of execution • Needs conflict resolution • Target volume is last • „Not in addition“ • „In addition“
New productionContract characteristics • Main characterisitcs (no unnecessary detail!) • Contract type • Tenor • Repricing • Cycles (depending on CT) • Few others... (depending on CT)
New productionPricing • Par rate in case of non-PAM‘s!
Behavior and counterparty • Behavior • Normaly kept constant during dynamic simulation runs • Exception: stress testing • Stochastic behavior: possible option for future • Counterparty • Unrealistic to simulate single counterparties • Exception: very large exposures • Simulation on the level of rating groups
Cost and „other revenues“ • Cost in static analysis normally neglected (if Δt=0, cost does not really exist) • To neglect cost in dynamic analysis means enjoying a fantastic profitability (but only on paper) • This can be easily seen in the dynamic balancing equation
Financial analysis and book keeping • Where are the book keepers statements? • Where is the chart of accounts • Closely related to the concept of balancing • Distinguish between • Static analysis • Dynamic Analysis
BalancingStatic • The static balancing equation • How is an inequality possible in t0?
Dynamic balancingOn book-keepers terms only • Example: • Asset is simple coupon bearing bond 10% • Liability is simple (linear) zero-coupon bond 10% • Contradiction: P&L is 0 but equity shrinks: dynamic balancing equation is violated
Dynamic balancingOn treasurers terms (then book keeping) • Conclusion: Banks balance in reality on cash flow basis • Books balance only after balancing on cash flow basis