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Realise the issue

Realise the issue. Deng immediately realised the mangitude of the short and long term issues : Military , lack of organization , strikes , no obidience . Economy going down , disrupted commmunication . . Deng’s vision. Support Agriculture Foreign technology

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Realise the issue

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  1. Realisetheissue Deng immediatelyrealisedthemangitudeofthe short and long termissues: Military, lackoforganization, strikes, no obidience. Economygoingdown, disruptedcommmunication.

  2. Deng’svision • SupportAgriculture • Foreigntechnology • Strenghten industrial fieldwithresearch • Qualitymanagement • “Qualityoverquantity” • Implementationofprocessesandregulations • Material andmonetary incentives • Better training • Highereducational standards • Money and time investedonscience • Expertleadership

  3. “Itispurelynonsensetosaythat a certain place ofworkorunitiscarrying out revolutionverywellwhenproductionisfouled up. Thisviewthat once revolutionisgrasped, productionwillincreasenaturallyandwithourspendinganyeffortisbelievedonly by thosewhoindulge in fairytales.” Jiang Qing calledthisasseveration “thepoliticalmanifestofortherestaurationofcapitalism”

  4. Visiononagriculture OntheFirstNationalconferenceonlearningfromDazhai (brigade)

  5. Mao’scontradictorybehaviour • Deng’syear in power: • Mao backedDeng’sideals ; • - Defended themfromattacks… Gangoffour • HOWEVER… • He alsopropoundedhisleftistviewsandChunqiaoandWenyuantoexposetheirs: • He neveraccepptedwagedifferentials (Systemownership)

  6. Mao’sweakness… • Thisfrequentclashof ideas made himseem: • Weak • Unifrm • “Strugglebetweenheadandheart” • Anditwas TRUE … • 1974: cataractssurgery, unabletoread. Dependantonpeoplereadingnewsforhim. • 1975: parkinson lefthimspeechless.

  7. Newliaisonandraisingdoubts… • Mao’snephewbecametheliaisonbetween Mao andthepolitburo: • - He alsowasagainstofDeng’sideals. • Peoplestartedwondering… why Deng? • Hypothesis: Tobuy time tochoosetherightonethatwouldcontinue.

  8. Thefallof Deng • Mao keptoncontradicting Deng: • Deng’sHighereducational standards vsMao’sstandarizedeasyschoolcourses. • “Dengsattackedthe Cultural Revolution in effortto reverse itveredicts” • Critized Deng andhisrightistideals. • * ZhouEnlai’s: hopeicon DEAD

  9. ZhouEnlai… DEAD • Office of premiere position AVAILABLE: • Zhouwastheobviousprobability… • - Because even if he hadfacedcriticism he hadn’tfacedhummilation, so he wasstillstandingsomewhatstrong. • Mao wasawareofthatstrength… • - So he knew: • If Deng inheritedZhou’s spot, dengwouldbecomeimmovable + if he died (Mao), dengwouldhavehadthepowertoremovethosewhopreservedtheMaoistvision.

  10. Mao HAD tochoose … • ZHANG CHUNQIAO (Mostcapablememberofthegangoffour) OR • A beneficiaryofthe Cultural revolution BECAUSE: • Would be indebted (morallyobligated) tokeeptheMaoistideals. • Commitedtocontinuethroughthesamepath. • Mantainthat Radical element in leadershiptofightopposition.

  11. But… He decidedtogoforHua Guofeng: Reasons are stillunkown. Somesayit may hadbeenjust “anothermistake” Hua wasanofficial in Mao’shomeprovince. Itwassaid Hua helped in the post LinBiaocleanup.

  12. Mao’sstrategy Mao positionedhim as Ministerofpublicsecurityto test him as a possiblesuccesor. And in January he conveyedtothePolitburothat Hua should be made acting premiere. TO TAKE OVER DENG’S CONTROL OF THE PARTY DAILY WORK.

  13. Thegangoffourlost chance TheywentfuriousaboutMao’sdecision. Thegangwasnotstrong at the time… notmany active members. Wang H. And Zhang C. Could hadworkedwith Hua Guofengtodominatethe party. Hua wouldhadwelcometheirhelp: 1. TheywouldhavehadMao’sblessing. 2. Hua was a beginner. However, theydecidedtogoagainst Hua, insteadofjoininghim.

  14. TianamenIncident 1976 Qing Ming festival: ancestorsrememberedand graves swept (no supersition) rememberrevolutionaryheroes. PeoplelefthundredsofwreathsallovertheHeroesmonument in thecenteroftiananmensquare (March 19th- 30) ZhouEnlai’swreathwas removed by police

  15. Thepolitburoandthegangoffourreact. Workedtogethertryingtoendwithallofthewreaths. 4th ofaprilthepolitburoandprominentmemberstrytogather. Apartfromthegangoffournoneofthem can show up. Not even Deng. Hua blamedprovocateursandfeltthreatened… Thegangoffouragreedonthat. Theyknewpeoplenowrejected Mao as theirgod-likeleader, and Hua as thesuccesorandthattheywanted Deng back. Butthismeant TROUBLE forthepolitburoandthegangoffour.

  16. Mao takesaction Afterhisnephew (liaison)talkedtohim: He gaveorderstokeep CLEAR thesquare. To use thepolicewhennecessary. Removepeopleandwreaths.

  17. Peoplegomad Theyrecieved no explanationandtheirwreathswere removed. So… withinhours 10,000 peoplegathered in thesquareaskingforanexplanationtheyweretaken out fromthearea. Losttemper: Theyburnedpolicevehicles Policeandmilitarytakeaction: Beatpeoplewith sticks andtakethemassesto “interogation”. Thepolitubronames de incident “ A counterrevolutionaryriot”.

  18. Themostimportantdecision Mao decides toelevate Hua tofirstdeputychairmanshipofthe CCP. 3 weekslater Mao recognizes Hua as hissuccesor: “Withyou in charge, I am at ease”

  19. 1976 Disaster January: DeathofZhou July: Zhu De (General, veryloyalto Mao) 3 weekslater: Massiveearthquake in Northern China. 164,000 injured. Leftistagitationagainst Deng vs popular angerovertheway he hadbeenpurged. Railwaysstoppedworking productiondecreasedsignificantly.

  20. Mao’sdeath Ye JianyingwasawaitingMao’sdeathtoarrestthegangoffour (includingMao’swife). Mao died ten minutes pastmidnightonSeptember 9th… Ye wasreadytoactandarrestMao’swife as a counterrrevolutionary.

  21. Strategy: Thegangoffour 3 point plan ofaction: Gain control ofthe Central Party apparatus. Prepare forarmedconfronation. AsserttheirrighttoMao’sideologicalmantle.

  22. Consequence: Thearrestofthegangoffour Theyfailedto co-workwiththebeneficiariesandsugarcoatHua (Mao’ssuccessordecision) BUT, main error = Remain in Beijing afterMao’sdeath. Theywere PURGED. CHAOS!!!

  23. After Mao.. WHO???!! • (Hua..Wasformallydeclaredtheheir… butnobodycared.) • Otheroptions: Su Zhenhua and Ni Zhifu. • Shangaiwentcrazy Calmandstability.. URGENT

  24. So… • Huaisannounced as chairman. • He becametheheir of Mao and ZhouEnlai. • Lots of privileges, yetpowerhaddeeperroots. • Lateron.. Shgainwasreclaimed… • So itwasnowreallythe time for A LEADER.

  25. Hua: Mao zombie • Dengwaschallengingthisattempt of Hua. • Huafought back “anti-gangs”, “anti-peopleagainst me and Mao’sthought” • “whateverpolicyChairman Mao decidedupon, weshallresolutelydefend;whateverdirectives Mao issued, weshallobey”. • Mao, maomao. • Sign of crisis

  26. Butwithlittleor no power. • Theyknew he wastheonecabapletomanagethe post-cultural revolution chaos. • BUT.. Afterthetenthplenum he wasreinstaled as vicechairman. • He learnedtogainpower back: “ Huaisourwise leader” Deng IS BACK!!

  27. Hua’sgreatleap Idea of getting back ontrackwithproductionplans. Steel and grainsmainly. But, because he blindfoldedfollowedwhat Mao hadalready done, China lived a terrible conopmic crisis.. AGAIN.

  28. Thethirdplenum 1977-1978 • PeoplestartaskingforDeng • Newspapersdemand “Theforce of Deng”

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