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By: Corla, Key’Onjane, Devin, Breanna. West African Civilizations. Key terms. Ghana: was a kingdom, and its rulers were growing rich by taxing the goods that traders carried through their territory. Mali: kingdom. Sundiata: Malis first great leader. Key terms.
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By: Corla, Key’Onjane, Devin, Breanna West African Civilizations
Key terms • Ghana: was a kingdom, and its rulers were growing rich by taxing the goods that traders carried through their territory. • Mali: kingdom. • Sundiata: Malis first great leader.
Key terms • Mansa Musa: Sundiatas grandnephew. • Ibn Battuta: successors prepared to receive a traveler and historian. • Songhai: people to the east
Key terms • Hausa: we’re a group of people named after the language they spoke. • Yoruba: people all spoke a common language. • Benin: Kingdom to the south and west of Ife, near the Delta of the Niger River.
Empire of Ghana • By A.D. 200, Trade across the Sahara had existed for centuries. • Two most important trade items was gold and salt. • Mines dug gold from shafts as deep as 100 or sifted it from fast moving streams. • Some sources estimate that until about 1350 at least two third of the worlds supply of gold came from West Africa.
Ghana • Arab and Berber traders crossed the desert with camel Caravans loaded down with salt. • They also carried cloth, weapon, and manufactured good from parts of the Mediterranean. • Gold came from a forest region south of the savanna between the Niger and Senegal rivers.
EMPIREOF MALI • By 1235 the kingdom of Mali had emerged Mali-West African empire that flourished from 1235 to the 1400 and grew rich from trade • The founders lived south of Ghana which were Made-Speaking people • Mali was built on gold
Sundiate Conquers an Empire • Sundiata was Mail’s first leader • He put able administrators in charge of Mali’s fiancés, defense, and foreign affairs • He proved that he's was a leader in peace like in the war
Mansa Musa Expands Mali Sundiata died in 1255 The next rulers of Mali’s were Muslims Mansa Musa may have been Sundiata’s grandnephew
Travels of Ibn Battuta • In 1352,Mahsa Musa’s successors prepared to receive a travel and historian named Ibn Battuta
Empire of Songhai • Mali declined in 1400’s, people who had been under its control began to break away. • Built an army, extended their territory to the large bend in the River near Gao. • Gained control of all important trade routes.
Sunni Ali:A conquering Hero • Gao: capitol of the empire. • Songhai had two extraordinary rulers, both of whom were Muslims. • Sunni Ali: built a vast empire by military conquest.
Sunni Ali • Sunni Ali: rule began in 1464, lasted almost 30 years. • Songhai: into an empire through his skill as a military commander and aggressive leadership. • 1468: Sunni Ali achieved his first military triumph.
Sunni Ali:conquering Hero • Captured the city Timbuktu, important part of Mali’s empire. • 1473: he surrounded the city with his army for seven years before it fell. • 5 years later he took Djenne, another trade city had a university.
Askia Muhammad Governs well • 1492: after Sunnis death his son succeeded him as a ruler. • 37- year ruler, Askia Muhammad proved to be an excellent administrator. He set up an efficient tax system and chose able officials. • 1304: Arabs developed the first gun, which shot arrows. The collapse of the Songhai empire ended a 1,000-year period in which powerful kingdoms and empires ruled the central region of west Africa.
Other peoples of west Africa • While empires rose and fell Ghana , Mali, and Songhai, Muslim traditions influenced some of these city-states. • The Hausa people first emerged between the years 1000 and 1200 in the savanna area east of Mali and Songhai in what is today northern Nigeria.
In the 1500’s the Hausa city-state of Zazzau ( later was called Zaria) was governed by queen Amina . She was remembered as the “headress among the turbans” her rule was distinguished for its military conquest.
Yoruba kings and artists Yoruba are west African people who formed several kingdoms into what is Benin and Southern Nigeria.
All Yoruba kings served as the most important religious and political leaders in their kingdoms. All Yoruba chiefs traced their descendants from the first ruler Ife.
