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Frontier Wars in Texas

Explore the turbulent era of frontier warfare in Texas during the 1870s, from the Salt Creek Massacre to the peace treaties and the role of Buffalo Soldiers. Learn about the challenges faced by the US Army, the struggles of Native American tribes, and the decisive battles that shaped the region's history.

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Frontier Wars in Texas

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  1. Frontier Wars in Texas The Peace Policy

  2. West Texas Forts of the 1870’s

  3. Too few men Inexperienced in frontier warfare Forts too wide spread Too few supplies Familiar land Skillful warriors Rapid fire bow/arrow Torture and Ambush U.S. Army vs. Indians

  4. Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek, Ks.

  5. Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek, Kansas - 1867 • Indians move to reservations • US gov’t would provide food, supplies, & education/religious training • Indian council could rule • Not under Army jurisdiction • No Anglo buffalo hunts south of Arkansas River • white man had restricted access to the area

  6. Peace Policy Problems • Many tribes not present • Indians unwilling to change • Indians’ pride • Corrupt Indian agents

  7. Result: 1871 – Gen. Sherman Was sent to the TX frontier to deal with the problem

  8. Fort Richardson Officers Quarters Infirmary

  9. I love the land and the buffalo and will not part with it. • The buffalo is our money. . .our cattle given to us by the Great Father above.

  10. Buffalo Hunters • A person who slaughtered buffalo for the value of their hides. • They killed the Native Americans buffalo which forced some Native Americans to leave the reservation and raid white settlements

  11. Killing for Sport Analyze natives’ reactions . . .

  12. Rath brothers’ market for buffalo hides • “For the sake of a lasting peace, let them kill and sell until the buffalo are exterminated.” Gen. Philip Sheridan

  13. 1871 – Salt Creek Massacre • Chiefs: Satanta, Satank, Big TreeMed. Man: Mamanti & pet owl • Sherman: last stop Ft.Richardson; 1st to cross Salt Crk. Prairie • 2nd wagon train was attacked • Result: Peace Policy (treaty) ended

  14. Battle of Adobe WallsJune, 1874 • War chief - Quanah Parker • Medicine man - Isa-tai • Location: Tx. panhandle • 800 (?) Indians/30 buffalo hunters • Indians were defeated, angered • Increased Indian raids

  15. Adobe Walls

  16. Col. Ranald Mackenzie 4th Cavalry, 3,000 soldiers Persistently searched Tx. Panhandle Maj. John B. Jones, Frontier Battalion Protected frontier settlers 6 months - 15 battles Red River CampaignAugust, 1874

  17. Palo Duro Canyon

  18. Battle of Palo Duro CanyonSept. 1874 • Tonkawa scouts led 4th Cavalry • Comanches fled • Army destroyed Indians’ food, tepees, horses Col. Ranald Mackenzie

  19. Fort Sill, Indian Territory • Kwahadi Comanches last to give up • Chief Quanah Parker • Surrendered June 1875

  20. Quanah Parker AFTER BEFORE

  21. Buffalo Soldiers **African American soldiers who guarded the Texas frontier after the Civil War.** • They scouted, mapped, and built roads between the settled and unsettled areas of the state. • They also patrolled the frontier, protecting settlers from Native American raids.

  22. After the Indian Wars Texas was not a safe place to live… • Cattle thieves were common • Outlaws robbed stagecoaches and trains • Ranchers fought over land • Violence against Mexican Americans and African Americans was on the rise • Mexican bandits raided Texas towns

  23. Texas Rangers • Were called upon to bring the law back to Texas.

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