New College English

1. New CollegeEnglish Book Three

2. Unit One Personality

3. Unit One I Preparation II Reading Activities III Further Development IV Translation & Writing

4. Part I Preparation 1. Group Work Mr. And Miss So and So • Group discussion • Personality and Job

5. Activity 1Group Work Directions: Work in pairs to complete these imaginary names to form adjectives that describle a person’s personality. Try not to use the dictionary unless necessary. 6Aggressive 7 Critical 8 Energetic 9 Selfish 10 Ambitious 11Self-confident • Gentle • Dedicated • Considerate • Adventurous • Calm

6. Activity 1Group Work 12. Easy-going 13. Truthful 14. Outgoing 15. Frank 16. Sensitive 17. Bossy 18. Patient 19. Talkative 20. Persuasive 21. Sympathetic 22. Emotional

7. Activity 2Group Work Directions:Discuss with your partner and decide the personality traits that you think would make an ieal person fro the following job. • salesman or saleswoman • teacher • doctor • shrewd ,hardworking, boastful, tricky • humorous, bossy, patient, tolerant, talkative. • patient, calm, independent, careful, sympathetic.

8. Activity 2Group Work • policeman • brave, alert, independent. • accountant • careful, honest, cautious • lawyer • persuasive, expressive, eloquent, serious. • tour guide • enthusiastic, talkative, expressive, energetic

9. Activity 2Group Work • host or hostess of a show • emotional, expressive, optimistic, easy-going • reporter • curious, extrovert, open-minded, adventurous. • secretary • easy-going ,tolerant, sensitive, frank, thorough • spokesman • intelligent, talkative, diplomatic

10. Part II Reading Activities 1. Pre-reading Questions 2. Text Organization 3. Sentence Study 4. Words & Phrases

11. Pre-reading Questions

12. Pre-reading Questions 1. What do you think are the reasons for shyness? There are many factors that contribute to shynesss. Some are due to low self-esteem, lack of self-confidence, limited social activities, and lack of education. Some people, I think, are born shy. It’s a trait inherited from their parents.

13. Pre-reading Questions 2. What are the ways to overcome shyness? There are several ways to overcome shyness. First we should remember that nobody can be perfect, so ther’s no reason to fell discouraged if we have some shortcomings. On the contrary we should know our strengths and emphasize our good aspects and build self-confidence.

14. Text Organization

15. Text Organization Para.1 Introduction: Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for ta great Many people. Para.2-3 Reasons whyshyness can have a negative effect. Para.4-15 Ways of overcoming shyness Para.16 Conclusions: the better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.

16. Sentence Study

17. Sentence Study 1. All kinds of peopledescribethemselvesas shy short, tall, dull, intelligent, young, old, slim, overweigh. (L.1-2) 【译文】各种各样的人, 矮的、高的、愚蠢的、聪明的、年轻的、 年老的、苗条的、肥胖的，都把自己描述为害羞的。 【句型】 describe… as: 把······说成，把······描述成。 类似的短语还有： accept… as; interpret… as; regard… as; view… as; look on… as; consider… as; take… as; perceive… as; label… as。 as后面可以接名词、动名词与形容词。

18. Sentence Study 【例句】 They do not regard criticism as a personal attack.(L.15) 他们不会把批评看成是人身攻击。 Instead, they view a criticism as a suggestion for improvement. (L16) 相反，他们将批评看成是有助于改进的好建议。

19. Sentence Study Self- Self + a./n.也是一种构词法，self表示“自身的，自我的”。类似的单词还有： self-confidence 自信 self-denying 自我克制的 self-conscious 不自然的，自觉的 self-complacent 自满的，自负的 self-confessed 公开承认的 self-contradictory 自相矛盾的 self-composed 镇定自若的 self-control 自我克制 self-assured 自信的 self-deception 自欺

20. Sentence Study 2. Incontrast, shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. (Line 18) 【译文】相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。 【例句】. Coal, gas, oil, nuclear power, or water power can all generate electricity for an electric train. In contrast, diesel trains run only on diesel oil. In contrast toyour belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed.

21. Sentence Study 3. It is clear that, whileself-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful. (L.23-24) 【译文】显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，但做得过分会有害的。 【解析】此句it是形式主语。overdoing it is detrimental or harmful是真正的主语 。while引导的句子作后一句子的让步状语从句 It is clear that while…, + 主语从句 意为“尽管/虽然……，但是……是显而易见的”“很显然，尽管/虽然……， ……仍……。” 句型中的clear也可换成obvious, evident, true, necessary, important等。具体翻译时有所不同。 \

22. Sentence Study 【例句】 It is true that while yours is a good idea, I am afraid it will be hard to put into practice. 你的主意确实很好，但我恐怕它很难付诸实践。 It is clear that whilehe understands what you say,he can’t agree with you. 显然，尽管他理解你说的话，但是他并不赞同。

23. Sentence Study 4. Dwelling onthe impossibleleads toa sense of inadequacy, and even feelings of envy, orjealousy. (L.31-32) 【译文】心里老想着不可能实现的事会导致信心不足，甚至妒忌。 【句型】dwell on是固定短语，意为“详述，细想”。本句中dwelling on是动名词做主语。 lead to是固定短语，意为“导致，招致，引起”，后面常接名词。envy和 jealousy 是同义词，意为“妒忌，羡慕”，这两个名词envy和jealousy的形容词分别是envious和jealous。

24. Sentence Study 5.The betterwe understand ourselves,the easierit becomes to live up to our full potential. (Line 74) 【译文】 【句型】 我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。 the better …,the easier属于the more …,the more句型的用法。 The more …, the more表示比较，“越……，越……”。 【例句】 The betterthe girls liked the moving story, the moreit made them cry.

25. Words & Phrases

26. Words & Phrases 1. acquaintance • 1. Acquaintance 1) n.熟人 2) n. 相识，了解 • 【例句】 • 1) An old acquaintancedropped by for a chat • 2) They developed an acquaintance over the Internet. • 【短语】 • a passing acquaintance with对...的浮浅的了解 • drop /cut sb‘s acquaintance (=cut an acquaintance with sb) • 和某人 绝交 • have a nodding /bowing acquaintance with sb • 与某人有点头之交; (对某学科)略知一二 • have no acquaintance with不熟悉, 不了解 • make the acquaintance of sb. (=make sb.'s acquaintance) • 结识某人 • pick acquaintance with偶然结识/认识 • upon (further) acquaintance经过一段(较长)时期的熟悉/了解

27. Words & Phrases 2. dwell(vi.) (dwelt or dwelled) 1) dwell in /at: reside居住 2) dwell on / upon: think, speak or write at length about凝思；详细；论述；仔细研究 【例句】 不要过分沉溺在痛苦的回忆之中。 Don’t ________________ painful memories dwell too much on 我们的眼睛凝视着美丽的夕阳。 Our eyes _________ the beautiful sunset. dwelled on

28. Words & Phrases 3.impression 1)n. 印象,感觉 2) n. 印记,压痕 【例句】 If the shop is untidy, it creates a bad impressionon/ gives a bad impression to potential customers. Her speech made quite an impression onthe audience. What’s your impression of him as a worker?

29. Words & Phrases 【用法】 v. impress The beauty of Mary impresses me very much. I’m most impressed by your performance last semester. My father impressed on me the value of hard work. My father impressedme withthe value of hard work.

30. Words & Phrases 4. inferiority n.the quality of condition of being inferior; lower rank or state低劣 be inferior to在....之下; 次于; 不如 be sb.'s inferior in 在....方面不及某人 inferior by comparison相形见绌 inferioradj. (常与 to 连用，无比较级、最高 级形式)次的；劣等的；较劣的 【例句】 我发现难以摆脱一种社会自卑感。 I found it difficult to shake off _______________________. a sense of social inferiority

31. Words & Phrases 5. Self- • Self + a./n.也是一种构词法，self表示“自身的，自我的”。类似的单词还有： self-confidence 自信 self-denying 自我克制的 self-conscious不自然的，自觉的 self-complacent 自满的，自负的 self-confessed 公开承认的 self-contradictory 自相矛盾的 self-composed 镇定自若的 self-control 自我克制 self-assured 自信的 self-deception 自欺

32. Words & Phrases 6. over- • 1. too much 过多，过分 • overpopulation, overwork, overweight, overdo • 2. additional额外 • overcome overtime • 3. across, above突出于……之上，横越 • overhead overland overhanging branches下垂overpass, • 4. outer, covering • overcoat

33. Words & Phrases 7. come along • 1. to happen; arrive by chance突然出现 • I will wait till something comes along. • Take every chance that comes along. • He went to London whenever the chance came along. • When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. • 2. to advance; improve 进展，进行 • How is your work coming along? • 3. improve in health 有时指身体情况 • She was coming along well after the operation. • 4. follow 跟着去 • You say ‘come along’ when you want someone to hurry up, or do sth. you want someone to do. • Come along, eat up your vegetable.

34. Part III Further Development 1. Group Discussion 2. Self-assessment

35. Group Discussion Modesty VS Shyness • There are great differences between shyness and modesty. Modesty is a good virtue everyone wants to share. It is described as one of human merits. Great men are modest about their achievements and accomplishments. • But shyness is a bad or uncomfortable feeling one may have when he is staying with others. Shyness symbolizes the lack of self-confidence and even of self-esteem. It should be got rid of. So we say modesty is a good personality trait whereas shyness is not acceptable in many cases.

36. Self-assessment “What is your personality? The personality traits are listed below for your references. • Introspective, sensitive and reflective • Independent, unconventional and free • Dynamic, active and extroverted • Down to earth, well-balanced and harmonious • Professional, progmatic and self-assured • Peaceful, discreet and non-aggressive • Carefree, playful and cheerful • Romantic, dreamy and emotional • Analytical, trustworthy and self-assured

37. Part IV Translation & Writing 1. Translation Skills 2. Writing Practice

38. Translation Skills 被动语态的主动与被动译法 英语被动句转换成汉语主动句 英语被动句译成汉语被动句

39. Translation Skills 被动语态的主动与被动译法 在很多场合下，英语中被动语态使用的频率非常高。比如，在不必说出主动者，无从说出主动者或者为了便于上下文语式、语气和结构的连贯情况下，往往都用被动语态。在英译汉的过程中对被动语态可按两大途径处理。 将英语被动句译成汉语主动句 将英语被动句译成汉语被动句

40. Translation Skills 英语被动句转换成汉语主动句： 将英语被动结构的句子译成汉语主动句时，可分以下几类处理： 原文中的主语在译文中做主语； 原文中的主语在译文中作宾语 原文中被动结构句译成汉语中带有“的”字的主动句 增添或不显示主语处理英语常用被动句型。

41. Translation Skills 1.The sense of inferiority (自卑感) that he got in his youth has never been totally cleared up. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。（主语) 2. Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience. 读书补天然不足，经验又补读书之不足。（宾语） 3.Time can always be found to do things one wants to do. 只要想干，总是可以找到时间。（表语） 4. It will be seen from this that he must be a weak leader. （人们）由此可见他一定是一个能力欠缺的领导。（增添主语或无主语）

42. Translation Skills 英语被动句译成汉语被动句: 汉语有时也用被动形式来表达意思，但是往往会借助于一些具有被动意义的词语，如：“被”、“遭受”、“由”、“把”、“受到”或“予以”等，即将英语被动句译成汉语被动句。 1. She was blamed for everything her sisters did. 她因为妹妹所做的事而遭受谴责。 2. It mustbe dealt with at the proper time with proper means. 这种事情必须在适当的时候用适当的手段予以处理。

43. Writing Practice Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to a Former Classmate.You should write at least 120 words according to the given information below: 最近，你收到了一封高中同班同学的来信。他正在你们原来的高中复读。又一年的高考临近，因为在去年的高考中失利，这位同学不免有些担忧。请写一封回信来鼓励这位同学。

44. Writing Practice Sample A Letter to a Former Classmate Dear Li Ming, I am glad to hear from you. How have you been recently? How time flies! At the same time last year, we both were striving for our dreams. Now, I have been in college for almost a year, and this year’s National College Entrance Exam is drawing near. I sincerely hope that everything goes well in your life, especially in your study. Meanwhile, I firmly believe that you will achieve a satisfactory result on the coming exam.

45. Writing Practice In your letter, you told me that your failure on last year’s College Entrance Exam has always haunted you, and you doubted your ability to do well in the coming one. What I want to tell you is that you shouldn't be discouraged by last year’s failure. Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blameyourself too much. Instead, you should learn to interpret failure in a positive way and profit from the failure as a learning experience. You also told me that you felt anxious sometimes since the exam date is approaching, and you wondered whether you could realize your dream this time.

46. Writing Practice To be frank, at this point, I had the same feeling last year before I took the exam. All these worries are inevitable but unnecessary. Instead, you should think about your strengths and build up self-confidence. You are a boy with great potential. Just do your best and forget about these worries and troubles. Remember, misfortune will not last long. Well, I have to stop. Try to keep a smiling face and have a positive attitude toward life. A smile may make things easier and better. All your hard work will pay off. Keep in mind that tomorrow is a new day. Best wishes! Yours Sincerely, Zhang Hua