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U.S. History and Constitution

Christian Hice. U.S. History and Constitution. Essential Question. EQ: How did the U.S. Constitution address the weaknesses of our government under the Articles of Confederation?. Vocabulary.

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U.S. History and Constitution

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  1. Christian Hice U.S. History and Constitution

  2. Essential Question • EQ: How did the U.S. Constitution address the weaknesses of our government under the Articles of Confederation?

  3. Vocabulary • Land Ordinance of 1785- organized and sold federal lands for much needed revenue. It also set aside land for education. • Northwest Ordinance- set the procedure for territories becoming states. • Virginia Plan- proposed a bicameral (two house) legislature based on population.

  4. Vocabulary Continued... • New Jersey Plan- proposed a unicameral legislature with equal representation. • Great Compromise- set up the legislative system we have today. • Three-Fifths Compromise- counted slaves as 3/5 of a person for representation. • Bill of Rights- first ten Constitutional amendments

  5. The Articles of Confederation (1781) • Setup our nation’s first central government • A loose union of independent states • National government had limited powers

  6. The Articles of Confederation (1781) • Each state largely retained their independence

  7. Weaknesses of the Confederation • National government had little power • Government could not… 1) tax 2) raise an army 3) regulate commerce

  8. Weaknesses of the Confederation • No executive branch or judicial system • Weak government caused internal dissent

  9. Powers of the New Government • Congress had the power to… • 1) Make treaties • 2) Coin money • 3) Appoint army officers • 4) Establish a post office • Overall, Congressional power was very limited.

  10. Powers of the New Government • People remembered the tyranny of Britain • Made them fear a strong government

  11. Successes of the New Government • Winning the Revolutionary War • Land Ordinance of 1785 • Northwest Ordinance of 1787

  12. Successes of the New Government • Common cause kept the government together. • Problems arose after the Revolution ended.

  13. Shays’ Rebellion • Rebellion began in Massachusetts in 1787. • Led by Lieutenant Daniel Shays • Rebels were mostly farmers or ex-soldiers. Lieutenant Daniel Shays, leader of Shays’ Rebellion

  14. Shays’ Rebellion • Protested high taxes and high debt • Took one year to stop the rebellion • People realized weaknesses of the Articles

  15. Constitutional Convention of 1787 • Met in Philadelphia to revise Articles • Ended up drafting a new Constitution • Created a strong executive branch Washington addresses the delegates at the Constitutional Convention

  16. Constitutional Convention of 1787 • Created an independent federal judiciary • Gave Congress the power to… • 1) tax • 2) raise an army • 3) regulate trade

  17. Constitutional Compromise • Delegates fought over representation in Congress • Virginia vs. New Jersey Plan • Virginia Plan favored large populous states • New Jersey Plan favored small states Roger Sherman, the architect of the Great Compromise

  18. Constitutional Compromise • Roger Sherman devises the Great Compromise • Blended Virginia and New Jersey Plans • Three-Fifths Compromise deals with slavery

  19. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists • Federalists supported the new Constitution. • Favored a strong central (national) government • Madison and Hamilton were prominent Federalists. Alexander Hamilton, a prominent Federalist

  20. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists • Opposed the new Constitution • Feared a strong government • Favored a Bill of Rights • Wanted protection of individual liberties

  21. Ratification • Approval was an uphill battle. • Required 9 out of 13 states • New York and Virginia held out • Also wanted a Bill of Rights The U.S. Constitution

  22. Ratification • Federalists eventually agreed to their demands. • Constitution was finally ratified in 1791.

  23. Review Game • http://reviewgamezone.com/games/supershooter/index.php?5627&title=Articles%20Of%20Confederation&id=5627

  24. Standard • Standard USHC-1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the conflicts between regional and national interest in the development of democracy in the United States. • USHC-1.4: Analyze how dissatisfactions with the government under the Articles of Confederation were addressed with the writing of the Constitution of 1787, including the debates and compromises reached at the Philadelphia Convention and the ratification of the Constitution.

  25. Resources 1) Articles of Confederation Picture: http://journal.borderlands.com/ 2) Articles Political Cartoon: http://www.milanareaschools.org/ 3) Land Ordinance Picture: http://www.earnst.net/ 4) Daniel Shay’s Picture: http://campbell-hist.wikispaces.com/ 5) Constitutional Convention Picture: http://www.weeklystandard.com/

  26. Resources Continued… 6) Roger Sherman Picture: http://noliesradio.org/ 7) Picture of Alexander Hamilton: http://viciously-sweet.com/ 8) Bill of Rights Picture: http://teapartywpbfl.wordpress.com/ 9) Ratification Picture: http://www.theculturewatch.com/

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