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Chapter 13. INDUSTRIAL GROWTH IN THE NORTH (1790-1860). Section 1: The Industrial Revolution and America Section 2: Changes in Working Life Section 3: The Transportation Revolution Section 4: More Technological Advances. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution and America. OBJECTIVES.
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Chapter 13 INDUSTRIAL GROWTHIN THE NORTH(1790-1860) Section 1: The Industrial Revolutionand America Section 2: Changes in Working Life Section 3: The Transportation Revolution Section 4: More Technological Advances
Section 1: The IndustrialRevolution and America OBJECTIVES • How did Samuel Slater contribute to the growth of the textile industry in the Northeast? • How did Eli Whitney’s ideas benefit manufacturing? • How did events before and during the War of 1812 aid the growth of manufacturing and free enterprise in the United States?
Section 1: The IndustrialRevolution and America Samuel Slater Samuel Slater improved the textile industry, which led to large profits and the building of textile mills.
Section 1: The IndustrialRevolution and America Eli Whitney improved the manufacturing industry in two ways: • interchangeable parts • mass production
SECTION 1 Samuel Slater Innovation Innovation Eli Whitney The Industrial Revolution and America • machine production of cotton thread • successful use of machinery in mills • interchangeable parts • easy to assemble and replace • mass production • goods cost less
Section 1: The IndustrialRevolution and America The War of 1812 The War of 1812 aided free enterprise and manufacturing by encouraging Americans to buy from American manufacturers and encouraging industrial growth.
Section 2: Changes in Working Life OBJECTIVES • How were the Rhode Island system and the Lowell system different? • In what ways did the introduction of factories influence the daily life of workers in the northeastern United States? • How did Sarah G. Bagley and other reformers contribute to the early labor-union movement?
Section 2: Changes in Working Life The Rhode Island and Lowell Systems • Rhode Island System • Hired entire families • Divided factory work into simple tasks • Lowell System • Hired young, unmarried women • Built looms that could weave thread and spin cloth in the mill
Section 2: Changes in Working Life Influence of Factorieson the Northeast United States • new wave of immigration • bad working conditions • trade unions formed • strikes • labor reform
SECTION 2 Changes in Working Life Types of Workers Changes in Daily Life • Families • worked in factories instead of on farms • Unmarried women • began working in factories • Craftspeople • were forced to change working conditions to compete
Section 2: Changes in Working Life Sarah G. Bagley Sarah G. Bagley and other labor reformers fought for a l0-hour workday.
Section 3: The Transportation Revolution OBJECTIVES • How did the Transportation Revolution change life in the United States? • What was the effect of the Supreme Court case Gibbons v. Ogden? • How did the growth of railroads benefit the nation?
Section 3: The Transportation Revolution The Transportation Revolution: • greater speed and convenience in travel • expanded free enterprise • reduced shipping time and cost • led to development of new towns • steamboat ferry service • encouraged settlers to move to the Midwest
Section 3: The Transportation Revolution Gibbons v. Ogden Gibbons v. Ogden(1824) – Supreme Court ruling that federal law has priority over equivalent state law; expanded definition of interstate commerce
Section 3: The Transportation Revolution Growth of American Railroad • made travel easier and faster • aided economy and trade/lowered prices for consumers • linked cities in Eastern U.S. and helped other cities grow
SECTION 3 The Transportation Revolution Steamships • eased the transport of goods • encouraged Midwestern settlement Railroads Effects of Developments • increased economic development • linked communities • aided the growth of cities Telegraph • made information readily available
Section 4: More Technological Advances OBJECTIVES • What ideas did Samuel Morse draw upon in order to invent the telegraph? • How did new developments benefit factory and farm work? • What new inventions did Cyrus McCormick and Isaac Singer develop?
Section 4: More Technological Advances Samuel Morse Samuel Morse combined electricity and magnetism to invent the telegraph.
Section 4: More Technological Advances New Developments Benefit Factory and Farm Workers • factories could be built anywhere • low labor and shipping costs • movement from rural to urban areas and to the west • growth of machine-tool industry • made planting and harvesting easier
Section 4: More Technological Advances Inventors • Cyrus McCormick – reaper • Isaac Singer – sewing machine
SECTION 4 More Technological Advances Technological Developments Benefiting Factory and Farm Work John Deere’s steel plow eased farmers’ work. Improved machinery was introduced as a substitute for manual labor. Cyrus McCormick’s reaper made harvesting more efficient. Steam power allowed business owners to build factories in places that did not have streams or waterfalls to power the factory.
CHAPTER 13 Chapter Wrap-Up 1. What did the Supreme Court rule in Gibbons v. Ogden, and what was significant about the case? 2. How did the growth of factories change American life? 3. How did the Transportation Revolution benefit the U.S. economy and free enterprise?