Chapter 1: The New World to 1607

1. Chapter 1: The New World to 1607

2. Key Points about Pre-Columbian Native Americans • Pre-Columbian Native Americans • Domesticated crops • Created a mathematically based calendar • Constructed irrigation systems • Built cities inhabited by 100,000 or more people • Practiced a division of labor based upon gender

3. Key Points about Pre-Columbian Native Americans • What did Pre-Columbian Native Americans lack? • Did NOT develop wheeled vehicles • Did NOT have a tradition of private property rights

4. Key Points about Pre-Columbian Native Americans • Native Americans in North America • Eastern Woodland tribes • lived in village communities • had agricultural economies based upon the domestication of corn

5. Key Points about Pre-Columbian Native Americans • Native Americans in North America • The Iroquois Confederacy • Decentralized political and diplomatic group • Emerged in response to European colonization • Most important and powerful North American political alliance • Ended generations of tribal warfare

6. Key Points about Pre-Columbian Native Americans • Native Americans in North America • Anasazi • Sedentary group (living in one area, not migratory) • Agricultural • Built elaborate pueblos

7. Key Points about Pre-Columbian Native Americans • Native Americans in North America • Tribes in the Pacific Northwest relied on hunting and fishing for food. Chinook Salmon Named for the Chinook tribe that hunted it. Generally weighs between 30 and 40 pounds and can measure up to five feet long at maturity.

8. The Spanish Conquest • Christopher Columbus • Set pattern for future Spanish explorers and conquistadores • Very ethnocentric • Saw no reason to respect or learn about the cultures • Instead, wanted to Christianize them, exploit their labor, and teach them to speak Spanish

9. Spanish Conquest • HernánCortés • Francisco Pizarro • European diseases made conquest easier • Smallpox • Influenza • Measles • Following the collapse of the Aztec Empire, the Spanish renamed the region New Spain

10. Key Facts about New Spain • Spanish discovered and mined rich deposits of gold and silver • Between 1500 and 1650, 16,000 tons of silver were mined

11. Key Facts about New Spain • Columbian Exchange • Plants and animals between Europe and the New World • Examples • Spanish first introduced horses and gunpowder to the New World • New World crops (corn, potatoes, and tomatoes) enriched the European diet and lengthened average lifespans

12. Key Facts about New Spain

13. Key Facts about New Spain • Encomienda System • Spanish rulers reward local officials by granting them villages and control over native labor • This practice cruelly exploited Indian laborers

14. Key Facts about New Spain • Catholic Church • Sent missionaries to convert the native populations • Church and government approved of intermarriage (colonists and native peoples) • Because of intermarriage, the people of New Spain were more tolerant of racial differences than the English

15. Mission Delores 1776

16. Mission San Francisco Solano de Sonoma 1823

17. The Spanish Southwest • Spanish established permanent settlements in what is now New Mexico • By 1630, 3,000 Spaniards lived in New Mexico • Spanish exploited Indians in New Mexico • Pueblo Revolt • 1680 • Led by a charismatic Indian leader named Popé • Pueblos briefly drove the Spaniards out of New Mexico • Spaniards finally reestablished their control over the area in the early 1700s