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Welcome . Highway Engineering Code No. (CM 304). Lec . 10&11. Dr.Khaled ali. INTERSECTIONS & INTERCHANGES. Geometric Design of transportation facilities must provide for the resolution of traffic conflicts. In general, these conflicts may be classified as: Merging conflicts

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  1. Welcome Highway Engineering Code No. (CM 304) Lec. 10&11 Dr.Khaledali

  2. INTERSECTIONS & INTERCHANGES • Geometric Design of transportation facilities must provide for the resolution of traffic conflicts. • In general, these conflicts may be classified as: • Merging conflicts • Occurs when vehicles enter a traffic stream • Diverging conflicts • Occurs when vehicles leave the traffic stream • Weaving conflicts • Occurs by merging then diverging • Crossing conflicts • Occurs when they cross paths directly

  3. Three Basic Ways of Resolving Crossing Conflicts • Time-sharing Solutions • Space-sharing Solutions • Grade separation Solutions

  4. At-grade intersections • Except for freeways, all highways have intersections at grade, so that the intersection area is a part of every connecting road or street. • Some intersection are channelized – to minimize traffic accidents, speed control, prevention of prohibited turns, refuge may be provided for pedestrians,

  5. General types of at-grade Intersections Unchannelized Unchannelized T Unchannelized Y Flared T

  6. leg intersections Y with turning roadways Channelized

  7. Interchanges • Are classified according to the way they handle left-turning traffic. Interchange Configuration - are selected on the basis of structural cost, right-of-way costs, and ability to serve traffic.

  8. DIAMOND INTERCHANGE

  9. CLOVERLEAF INTERCHANGE

  10. Partial cloverleaf

  11. TRumpet

  12. FULL DIRECTIONAL

  13. DIRECTIONAL-Y

  14. ON-RAMP (entrance to highway) ON-RAMP (entrance to highway) OFF-RAMP (exit to highway) OFF-RAMP (exit to highway)

  15. General Classes of Freeway Interchanges • Diamond Interchange • Employ diamond ramps which connect to the cross road by means of an at grade intersection. • Left turns are accomplished by having vehicles turn left across traffic on the cross road.

  16. Cloverleaf Interchange • Employ loop ramps, in which vehicles turn left by turning 270 degrees to the right.

  17. Partial Cloverleaf Interchange (Parclo) • Involves various combinations of diamond and loop ramps.

  18. Trumpet Interchange

  19. STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS

  20. Typical rigid pavement cross section Typical flexible pavement cross section

  21. a = the layer coefficient.

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