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Cell Structure and Function

Cell Structure and Function. Intro to cells video. The smallest unit of life that conducts all life functions Too small to be seen without a microscope Eukaryotic: cells with membrane-bound structures Organelles: cell structures that carry out life functions

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Cell Structure and Function

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  1. Cell Structure and Function

  2. Intro to cells video

  3. The smallest unit of life that conducts all life functions • Too small to be seen without a microscope • Eukaryotic: cells with membrane-bound structures • Organelles: cell structures that carry out life functions • All cells carry out the same basic life functions Cells

  4. Mitochondria: small organelles that break down sugar and release energy • Sometimes called the “powerhouse” of the cell • Cell membrane: the thin, flexible outer covering of a cell • Controls what enters and leaves the cell • Permeable: allows only certain substances to pass through • Diffusion: movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration • Osmosis: diffusion of water Cell Structures

  5. Cytoplasm: the inside of the cell where all other organelles are stored • Nucleus: control center of the cell and contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) • Controls most of the cell’s activities • Vacuole: organelle the cell uses for storage • Plant cells usually have one large vacuole while animal cells have smaller vacuoles Cell Structures

  6. Chloroplast: the place where photosynthesis takes place in a plant cell • Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs sunlight • Cell wall: a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and give the plant cell its shape Cell Structures

  7. What are the structures and functions of cells? • Structures: cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall • Functions: basic life functions Cell structures and functions

  8. How are different types of cells alike and how are they different? • Plant cells and animal cells have many of the same organelles (cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles). However, there are some differences: Plant cells are rectangular, and animal cells are circular. This is because plant cells have a cell wall, and animal cells do not. Plant cells also have chloroplasts to make their own glucose; animal cells do not have chloroplasts and need to take in glucose. Plant cells also typically have one large vacuole while animal cells have several small vacuoles. Different Types of Cells

  9. What cell processes does the cell membrane control? • Diffusion and osmosis; controls what enters and leaves the cell Cell membrane

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