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TEACHING TO ENHANCE LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT. Chapter 9. TEACHING: A SCIENCE & AN ART. ECE TEACHER’S ROLE IS COMPLEX!. Know the Learner Know what to Teach Know how to Teach. THE SCIENCE OF TEACHING.
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ECE TEACHER’S ROLE IS COMPLEX! • Know the Learner • Know what to Teach • Know how to Teach
THE SCIENCE OF TEACHING • Public Law 107-220 ~ No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 – emphasis on scientifically based practice • Informed by: • Science of child development • Cognitive science or how people learn • Research on effective instructional strategies and contexts • Based on two sets of questions: • What skills and abilities predict children’s later outcomes in reading, writing and math? • What teaching behaviors, curriculum, interventions contribute to or inhibit gains
CLASSROOM RESEARCH • The daily interaction among teachers and children is THE most important determinant of the quality and effectiveness of programs from infancy through primary grades
CLASS RESEARCH Emotional Climate Instructional Climate • Teachers are positive, sensitive and manage the classroom well • CLASS 5/7 points • Positive supportive classrooms for children • Use of variety of teaching strategies to promote concept development and higher order thinking • Interactions are intentional; environment supports child initiated learning • CLASS 2/7 • Little instruction; worksheets; 40% routines & transitions without learning
RESEARCH HAS LIMITS • Goal is to prepare you to create an effective instructional climate • When research is strong – professional responsibility to adhere to its guidance • Research on effective teaching is evolving • In some cases not available; in some cases contradictory (diverse language; cultural backgrounds; differing abilities)
THE ART OF TEACHING • Requires Vision, Creativity, and Decision Making • Many variables – cannot all be controlled • Effective teaching requires creatively adapting to individual children and to the situations that arise The Wonders of Learning • http://www.thewonderoflearning.com/exhibition/?lang=en-GB
BUILD A REPERTOIRE OF EFFECTIVE TEACHING STRATEGIES • Teaching Strategy – Behavior or activity deliberately selected and flexibly applied to help students construct meaning • INTENTIONAL TEACHING • Conscious thought • Flexible decision making • Learning Strategy - How children construct meaning in any context or situation
TOOLS FOR LEARNING Teacher Initiated Child Initiated • Teacher takes the lead • Provides explicit information and modeling or demonstrates a skill • Determined by the teacher’s goals and direction • Child gains knowledge and skills • Through their own exploration • Interactions with objects and other children
AN ARRAY OF TEACHING STRATEGIES • Acknowledging and encouraging • Giving quality feedback • Modeling • Demonstrating • Giving cues, hints and offering assistance • Creating and adding challenges • Questioning • Co-Constructing • Giving direct or explicit instruction • Scaffolding – combining strategies
THE POWER OF SCAFFOLDING • Integrated Approach to reach all students • Scaffolding – elevated structure; support to do the work; reach the goal • Metaphor for a series of teacher behaviors that support children’s ability to accomplish learning tasks or solve a problem that they could not otherwise accomplish independently. • Scaffolding = working in the zone of proximal development • Teacher takes responsibility and gradually releases it to the child until they have full responsibility
WONDERS OF LEARNING • I do… you watch • I do… you help • You do… I help • You do… I watch