STRATEGIES FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT DURING 2013 Part I

1. STRATEGIES FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT DURING 2013 Part I Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2. PART 1: MAKE SCHOOLS, THE TYPICAL COMMUNITY “SAFE HAVEN,” DISASTER RESILIENT

3. NAT. HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS. • EMERGENCY PLANS • RECONSTRUCTION • EDUCATIONAL SURGE SCHOOLS RISK MANAGEMENT ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY REDUCTON YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

4. DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOLS MAKING ONE OF THE COMMUNITY’S ESSENTIAL FACILITIES AND “SAFE HAVENS” DISASTER RESILIENT IS A GOOD POLITICAL STRATEGY

5. SCHOOLS (Elementary, Secondary, High School, University, Other) • FAR TOO OFTEN, SCHOOLS, THE DESIGNATED (OR PERCEIVED) COMMUNITY “SAFE HAVEN,” AREUNSAFE. . . • BOTH WHEN SCHOOLS ARE IN SESSION DURING THE DAY, OR - - -

6. SCHOOLS (Elementary, Secondary, High School, University, Other) • AFTER PEOPLE ARE EVACUATED TO A SCHOOL TO GET OUT OF HARM’S WAY FROM FLOODS, SEVERE WIND STORMS, OR VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS.

7. SCHOOLS ARE VULNERABILE TO DAMAGE & LOSS OF FUNCTION IF… • THEY ARE NOT DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND STRONG GROUND SHAKING • THEY ARE LOCATED IN A FLOOD PLAIN • THEY ARE LOCATED IN THE STORM SURGE INUNDATION ZONE • THEY ARE NOT DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND THE WIND FIELD • THEY ARE NOT DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND A WET VOLCANIC ASH LOAD

8. EARTHQUAKESCAUSE … BUILDING COLLAPSE, INUNDATION FROM TSUNAMIS, WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION, INJURIES, AND DEATHS

9. SCHOOLS ARE VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES • EXCEPT FOR CALIFORNIA, NO SPECIAL SITING, DESIGN, OR CONSTRUCTION MEASURES EXIST FOR MOST SCHOOLS IN MOST STATES

10. SCHOOLS ARE VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES • EARTHQUAKES OCCUR WITHOUT WARNING; HENCE, NO EVACUATION IS POSSIBLE • LOSS OF FUNCTION CAN BE VERY DISRUPTIVE TO ENTIRE COMMUNITY

11. SCHOOLS: PORT AU PRINCE UNIV., HAITI, JAN 12, 2010

12. SCHOOLS: PORT AU PRINCE, HAITI; JAN 12, 2010

13. SCHOOLS: BEICHUAN, CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

14. SCHOOLS: BEICHUAN, CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

15. LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL: CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

16. SCHOOLS: EARTHQUAKE DRILLSANYWHERE AND ANYTIME

17. TEMPORARY SCHOOLS ARE VULNER-ABLE: MAY 12, 2008 EARTHQUAKE

18. SCHOOLS: EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI: SOLOMON ISLANDS: APRIL 2007

19. SCHOOL IN SAN GIULIANO DI PUGLIA: MOLISE EARTHQUAKE: OCTOBER 31, 2002

20. SCHOOL IN SAN GIULIANO DI PUGLIA: 53 CHILDREN BORN IN 1996 KILLED

21. SCHOOL: STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CA; OCT 10, 1989

22. SCHOOL: MEXICO; SEPT. 19, 1985

23. SCHOOL: EL ASNAM, ALGERIA;OCTOBER 10, 1980

24. LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL: COALINGA, CA;MAY 2, 1983

25. SCHOOLS: TANGSHAN, CHINA; 1976

26. SCHOOL: LICE, TURKEY; SEPTEMBER 6, 1975

27. SCHOOL: ALASKA, MARCH 27, 1964

28. SCHOOL: LONG BEACH, CA, MARCH 10,1933 (led to the Field Act)

29. FLOODS CAUSE WATER DAMAGE AND WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION

30. THE GREAT FLOOD OF 2008: IOWA

31. FLOODS IN NORTH KOREA: AUGUST 7-14, 2007

32. FLOODING IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE, ENGLAND: JULY 2007

33. TROPICAL STORM KALMAEGI: TAIWAN, JULY 18. 2008

34. FLOODING IN THE SUDAN: JULY 2007

35. FLOODING IN IRAN: JUNE 2007

36. SEVERE WINDSTORMS CAUSE WIND AND WATER DAMAGE AND WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION

37. SCHOOLS: TYPICAL SAFE HAVENS FOR HURRICANES AND TYPHOONS • EVACUATION IS UNSUCCESSFUL IF THE“SAFE HAVENS” ARE UNSAFE.

38. TYPHOON MORAKOT: CHIATUNG, TIAWAN,AUGUST 9, 2009

39. CYCLONE NARGIS: POWER OUTAGE IN YANGON; MAY 18, 2008:

40. CYCLONE NARGIS: TAKING SHELTER IN A BUDDHIST TEMPLE

41. HURRICANE OMAR: ST THOMAS, VI, OCTOBER 15-17, 2008

42. HURRICANE OMAR: SOUFRIER; OCTOBER 15-17, 2008

43. SCHOOLS: TYPICAL SAFE HAVENS FOR HURRICANES AND TYPHOONS • EVACUATION IS UNSUCCESSFUL IF THE“SAFE HAVENS” ARE UNSAFE.

44. SCHOOLS: HURRICANE KATRINA; AUGUST 28-29, 2005 • Many schools were damaged and some did not reopen for several months to more than a year.

45. SCHOOLS: HURRICANE KATRINA; AUGUST 28-29, 2005 • TULANE UNIVERSITY was paralyzed indefinitely by a few hours of wind, rain, storm surge, flooding, and the several-months-long recovery process.

46. NAT. HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS. • EMERGENCY PLANS • RECONSTRUCTION • EDUCATIONAL SURGE SCHOOLS RISK MANAGEMENT ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY REDUCTION YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

47. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS CAUSE WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION

48. SCHOOLS: INDONESIA, JUNE 8, 2006 ERUPTION SENDS 15,000 FLEEING

49. SCHOOLS: INDONESIA; JUNE 8, 2006 ERUPTION • School children wearing masks to counter the adverse health effects of volcanic ash

50. NAT. HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS. • EMERGENCY PLANS • RECONSTRUCTION • EDUCATIONAL SURGE SCHOOLS RISK MANAGEMENT ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY REDUCTON YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS