Cells, Tissues, Organs and Systems

1. Cells, Tissues, Organs and Systems

2. Introductory Questions What are the common structures that make up all living things? CELLS What do you think are the basic materials involved in the metabolism of all cells? Food, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and Water

3. What do you think happens when the cells use up their food and oxygen before there is time to replenish it? They cells can not function – death. Blood Cell Cancer cell Plant cell

4. What is Histology? Histology is the study of special forms of cells and their relationship with tissue and organs in

5. What are tissues? Tissues are groups of similar cells joined to perform the same function.

6. What is Cytology? The study of cells.

7. Cell alive animation tutorial Use Am I in a Plant cell or Animal Cell worksheet

8. Characteristics of Living Things

9. What are the six characteristics of Living Things a. Living things are made up of cells • Living things reproduce, grow, and repair themselves. c. Living things require energy. d. Living things respond to the environment. e. Living things have a life span. f. Living things produce wastes.

10. A. Living things are composed of cells The cell is the basic unit of life. Every living thing is either a cell or contains cells. What is the function of a cell? A cell takes in fuel and builds material, transforms energy, grows and reproduces. The cells of all species are pretty much the same in the way they are built and the way they work.

11. B. Living things reproduce, grow and repair themselves When do organisms grow? (Organism is any living thing) Organisms grow when they eat more food than their body needs for energy. Their body then may change its form by increasing in size, weight or shape. Give an example of an organism.

12. C. Living things require energy. Different organisms obtain their food from different sources. Give an example. What is autotrophic? Autotrophic organisms such as green plants make their own food through photosynthesis.

13. What is photosynthesis? This is a process where green plants use sun energy to make sugar and starch from carbon dioxide and water.

14. What is Heterotrophic? Heterotrophic organisms obtain their energy from eating food in their own environment.

15. D.Living things respond to the environment. All organisms react to changes in their environment. This response allows the organism to use its muscles and nervous system to help it adapt to change.

16. White blood cells at work Living things have a life span. Old age brings with it certain conditions that vary with each individual. Low immune systems. When this happens to enough cells the body starts to die. Red blood cells (RBCs) are the primary transporters of oxygen in the blood. White Blood Cells are specialized for the defense and daily maintenance of the body.

17. Living things produce wastes. The breakdown of substances in the body are eliminated through the excretory system.

18. Homework Questions Page 17 Questions 1,2,3,4 and 5 • What are the important differences between living and non-living things? • Are volcanoes living things? Explain. • Name at least one characteristic of living things that is shown in each of the following examples: • a. A plant bends towards the light. • b. A tadpole develops into a frog. • c. Human lungs breathe out carbon dioxide. • d. A blue jay feeds on sunflower seeds. • e. A cat gives birth to kittens. • 4. Make a table listing the six characteristics of living things in one column. In the second column, next to each characteristic, suggest a non-living thing that shows the characteristic. Create using word processing or spreadsheet computer program. • How do scientists determine whether to consider something as an organism?

19. Answers to Homework Questions • Living things are composed of cells, require energy, respond to environmental stimuli, reproduce, produce wastes and have a life span. • No, volcanoes are not living things. Although they appear to possess some of the characteristics of living things such as growth and breathing out waste gases, they do not possess all the characteristics. For example, volcanoes are not make of cells. • A. Plant is responds to environmental stimuli , the light. • B. Living things produce offspring like themselves. Eventually, the tadpole matures into a frog. Also, living things have a life span. The tadpole represents one of the life-stages for the frog.

20. Living things produce wastes. Carbon dioxide is a waste that is expelled from the body. • Living things require energy. The seed provides chemical energy for the blue jay. • Living things produce offspring like themselves.

21. 5. Scientists would need to consider whether the matter that they find displays all the characteristics of living things, before they could classify it as an organism.

22. Lab Safety Rules: No Running No eating, smelling or drinking your lab No horseplay or fooling around Handle glassware and equipment with care Be careful around fires and flames If you make a mess clean it up

23. Lab Safety Poster You task is to make a lab safety poster. Re-read the list of rules and pick one you would like to create into a poster promoting safety in the lab. Use the lab poster rubric to help you construct your poster. Your poster must be on ¼ sheet of Bristol board. Lab Safety Poster Rubric Multiple Intelligence projects

24. Purpose - Why are we doing the lab?  What are we trying to learn? Hypothesis - What do you think is going to happen?  Why do you think this?  State specifically what information you are basing this on and where you learned/heard/saw this information. Materials - List everything you use including size and amount. Procedure - Write the step-by-step directions for doing the lab.

25. Data - The numbers or values you find during the lab. Results - A sentence (or more) explaining what you saw happen during the lab. Conclusion - A statement about what your data and results mean.  A statement about your hypothesis (are you right or wrong).  Answers to the questions in the "Analysis" section of the lab in the textbook. Sources of Error - What things went wrong?  What may have happened that may have had an effect on your lab (things you may not be able to control as well as those you can).  What impact did these things have on the lab?

26. Poster Assignment Prepare a poster that groups pictures into three categories: 1. Things that are living 2. Things that were once living 3. Things that are not living and never have been living For example: A steak is not currently living but it does contain muscle cells, because the cow was once living. Plastic comes from ethylene molecules that were never living.

27. Anton van Leewenhock Dutch 1600 Microscope

28. What is a Microscope? A microscope (Greek: micron = small and scopos = aim) is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye.

29. Ten parts to the microscope

30. 2. What are the parts of a microscope? Eye piece Focus Fine Focus Objective Lenses Sample on slide Stage Condenser Diaphragm Light source Base

31. 3. What is the function of each part of the microscope Eye piece: the lens at the top that you lookthrough.  They are usually 10X or 15X power.  Focus: large, round knob on the side of the microscope used for focusing the specimen; it may move either the stage or the upper part of the microscope. Fine adjustment knob: small, round knob on the side of the microscope used to fine-tune the focus of your specimen after using the coarse adjustment knob. Objective lenses: (low, medium, high, oil immersion) the microscope may have 2, 3 or more objectives attached to the nosepiece; they vary in length (the shortest is the lowest power or magnification; the longest is the highest power or magnification). Stage: large, flat area under the objectives; it has a hole in it (see aperture) that allows light through; the specimen/slide is placed on the stage for viewing.

32. The purpose of the condenser lens is to focus the light onto the specimen.  Base:  The bottom of the microscope, used for support Diaphragm: controls the amount of light going through the condenser. VIRTUAL MICROSCOPE LAB

33. Work sheet on microscopes Instructions: With the provided worksheet connect to the given website, answer the questions and submit your answer to the instructor.

34. Go and practice your Microscope knowledge MICROSCOPE QUIZ

35. What is your field of view when using a microscope? The field of view is the circle of light you see when you look through the microscope.

36. 5. How do the lenses in a microscope work? The lenses in the microscope help bend the light source in a direction that we are able to see the image on the slide in the field of view. The lens used in microscopes are convex lenses.

37. 6. How does light pass through the convex lens? Most lenses are made out of glass. Lenses will either magnify/reduce images or concentrate/spread out light rays. If the objective lens magnifies 4x and the ocular lens magnifies 10x, then the viewer sees a magnified image of 40X. Explain. Explain the above table

38. http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/micrpart.htmhttp://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/micrpart.htm

39. What magnification gives you the best image? The best way to get a good magnification of an object is to start off with the low power. Refer to the table in the previous slide. The MOST common mistake a student makes is starting on high power.

40. Microscope Crime Mystery Write a mystery that involves a crime that can be solved by using a microscope. Set the scene for the mystery, profile the suspects and provide clearly labeled evidence in clear sealed bags (glad). You can use things such as finger prints, carpet or clothing samples, hair samples or soil samples as evidence. Work in groups of three-four. Story must be 5 pages in length, double spaced, typed with a cover page. 10-story, 10-evidence, 5-participation

41. The Cell as a Living System • The cell is a system yet part of a larger system • The parts of the cellular system are called organelles • Each organelle has a specific composition, structure, and function that contributes to the overall function of the cellular system

42. Structure of cells Plant Cell Tissues, Organs and Systems Animal Cell Cell Division

43. What are Procaryotic and Eucaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus or organelles enclosed within membranes. Example: Bacteria Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus or organelles that are surrounded by membranes. Each organelle does a specific cell function.Example: Plant and Animal cell

45. Specific Features of the Cell Nucleus Cell Membrane Cell wall Chloroplast Chromosomes Cytoplasm Vacuole Mitochondria Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes On pages 20-21 & 26-27 construct a definition for each organelle. You can refer to the website: Structures of plant and animal cells

46. Plant and Animal Cell What is it?

47. What is an organelle? CELL Organelle Table Plant and Animal cell diagram Cell Diagram with Quiz

48. What is missing in a Procaryotic Cell?

49. Using the link below “cell alive” review the plant and animal cell. Click on each organelle and read its description. Once you have explored each cell continue on and complete the quiz on cell biology Cell alive animation tutorial Using the below link fill in graphic organizer using the titles plant cell and animal cell. Make sure you email me your completed organizer. Graphic organizer for plant and animal cell

50. How do cells move? Some cells have tails called flagellum. Flagellum is a whip-like tail that helps some cells move. Sperm Bacteria