Words to Know about Cells and the Parts of the Cells

1. Words to Know about Cells and the Parts of the Cells

2. Key words

3. Cell sel A membrane-covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life

4. HomeostasishO-mE-O-'stA-s&s The maintenance of a stable internal environment

5. Unicellularyü-ni-'sel-y&-l&r Organisms made from a single cell

6. Multicellular Organims made of many cells

7. ProkaryoticprO-'ka-rE-"Ot/ Describes a cell that does not have a nucleus or any other membrane-covered organelles; example: bacteria

8. Eukaryoticyü-'ker-E-"Ot, Describes a cell that has a nucleus; examples: animals and plants

9. The Chemistry of Cells

10. Metabolismm&-'ta-b&-"li-z&m The combined chemical processes that occur in a cell or living organism

11. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid; hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell, contains the information to make new cells, and provides instructions for making proteins

12. ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate; molecule that provides energy for a cell’s activities

13. Nucleic acidnu-'klE-ik- A biochemical that stores information needed to build proteins and other nucleic acids; made up of subunits called nucleotides

14. Protein'prO-"tEn A biochemical that is composed of amino acids; its functions include regulating chemical reactions, transporting and storing materials, and providing support

15. Carbohydrate • A biochemical composed of one or more simple sugars bonded together that is used as a source of energy and to store energy.

16. Lipid A type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water, including fats and oils; lipids store energy and make up cell membranes.

17. Phospholipid A molecule that forms much of a cell membrane

18. Chlorophyll The green chemical pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

19. Organelles

20. Organelle • Structures within a cell, sometimes surrounded by a membrane

21. Cytoplasm • Cellular fluid surrounding a cell’s organelles

22. Cell membrane • A phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment

23. Nucleus • Membrane-covered organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains a cell’s DNA and serves as a control center for the cell

24. Mitochondria • Cell organelles surrounded by two membranes that break down food molecules to make ATP

25. Ribosome • A small organelle in cells where proteins are made from amino acids

26. Endoplasmic reticulum • A membrane-covered cell organelle that produces lipids, breaks down drugs and other substances, and packages proteins for delivery out of the cell

27. Golgi complex • The cell organelle that modifies, packages, and transports materials out of the cell

28. Vacuole • A large membrane-covered structure found in plant cells that serve as storage containers for water and other liquids; animal cells have small vacuole.

29. Lysosome • A special vesicle in cells that digest food particles, wastes and foreign invaders

30. Vesicle • A membrane-covered compartment in a eukaryotic cell that forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds an object and pinches off.

31. Plant organelles

32. Cell wall • A structure that surrounds the cell membrane of some cells and provides strength and support to the cell membrane; found in plants, and fungi

33. Chloroplast- • An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs