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Economic Geology

Economic Geology . Mineral resources . Renewable Can be replaced in a humans life time . Non-renewable Limited supply Can not be replaced in a humans lifetime . Ores . Mineral deposit from which a metal or nonmetal can be profitably extracted Native Elements

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Economic Geology

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  1. Economic Geology

  2. Mineral resources • Renewable • Can be replaced in a humans life time • Non-renewable • Limited supply • Can not be replaced in a humans lifetime

  3. Ores • Mineral deposit from which a metal or nonmetal can be profitably extracted • Native Elements • Native element minerals are those elements that occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure.

  4. Clicker • Wood is considered… • A renewable resource • A non-renewable resource • Neither • It is not a resource

  5. Mineral ores formation • Cooling of magma • When magma cools dense material sink to the bottom • Contact metamorphism • Magma comes in contact with rocks • Rock changes • Dissolve minerals forming veins

  6. Mineral ores formation • Placer deposits • accumulation of valuable minerals formed by gravity separation during sedimentary processes. • Dissolving  Precipitating • Water dissolves minerals • Water evaporates and minerals precipitate out

  7. Homework • Study Table 11-1 (p. 197). Name 4 metallic minerals and 4 non-metallic minerals that you have used in the last few days and describe what they were used for.

  8. Mining video • Revised definition of a ore: • Any mineral or MATERIAL that has economic value

  9. Types of ores mined from Earth • Metallic • Copper • Gold • Silver • Graphite • Non-metallic • Diamonds/ gemstones • Salt • Gypsum • Fuel • Oil • Natural gas • Coal • Uranium

  10. Michigan common ores • Aggregate • Sand, gravel • Used for construction • Halite / Brine • Salt/ Salt water • Used for food • Deicing (lowers freezing point of water) • Iron ore • Used for industry • Copper • Wires • Coins

  11. Fossil fuels • Organic material that has stored energy • Made of hydrocarbons (consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon)

  12. Clicker • Aggregate is an important ore. Is it a mineral?

  13. Fossil fuels non-renewable • Can not be replaced in our lifetime • MILLIONS OF YEARS to form • When fossil fuels are burned • Combustion reaction • CO2 and H2O vapor

  14. Negative impacts Mining/ processing Fossil fuels

  15. Fuel resources • Coal: • Carbonization: dense forests in low-lying wetland areas, buried under mud and soil. • Uses: • Primarily burned for electricity • Efficiency: • <47% • Environmental effects: • Acid rain from high sulfur content • Greenhouse gases • Smog

  16. Fuel resources • Crude oil: • formed when large quantities of dead organisms, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to intense heat and pressure. • Uses: • Transportation • Petroleum products • Efficiency: • <67% • Environmental effects: • Greenhouse gasses • Oil spills • Drilling

  17. Fuel resources • Natural gas: • formed when layers of buried plants and animals are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years. • Uses: • ranges and ovens, gas-heated dryers, heating • Efficiency: • <90% • Environmental effects: • Greenhouse gasses

  18. Fuel resources • Uranium: • Radioactive element, mined as a ore. • Uses: • Nuclear fission • Splitting of a nucleus of an atom • Power • Efficiency: • <99% • Environmental effects: • Radioactive waste • Mining

  19. Clicker question • Which fossil fuel has the highest efficiency? • Natural gas • Oil • Uranium • Coal

  20. Nuclear energy

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