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Understanding the Immune Response: Key Concepts and Case Studies

Explore the immune response mechanisms, from inflammation to allergies and autoimmune diseases. Learn about White Blood Cell interactions, antigens, and the dangers of an overactive immune system. Dive into a case study on immune reactions in the body.

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Understanding the Immune Response: Key Concepts and Case Studies

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  1. 31.3 The Immune Response 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 63 • Topic: 31.3 Immune Response • Essential Question(s): • How does inflammation help the immune system to fight pathogens? • Summarize: Explain how the proteins on the surface of WBC and pathogens interact to produce an immune response. KEY CONCEPTThe immune system has many responses to pathogens and foreign cells. RABBIT ISLAND CASE STUDY QUESTIONS DUE TOMORROW

  2. KEY CONCEPTThe immune system has many responses to pathogens and foreign cells.

  3. Your body responds to pathogens in several different ways: • Your skin may swell and itch • Your immune system attacks the pathogens that entered your skin

  4. White Blood Cell Videos 1 & 2 (6 mins)

  5. extracellular space capillary wall white blood cell 1. Inflammation, blood vessels become leaky. • white blood cells movetoward infection anddamaged tissue • characterized by swelling, redness, and pain

  6. Low fevers stimulate white blood cells to mature. 2. In Fever, body temperature increases • High fevers can cause seizure, brain damage, and even death.

  7. antigens virus • Antigens are surface proteins on pathogens. • Each pathogen has a different antigen. • Help the immune system identify a foreign cell or virus (like a face)

  8. B cell T cell • Memory cells- specialized T and B cells that provide acquired immunity because they “remember” an antigen that has previously invaded your body • Next time they come across the same pathogen they destroy it before you get sick

  9. The immune system rejects foreign tissues. • Tissue rejection occurs in organ or tissue transplants • is the result of an immune response • immune system detects protein markers on the donor tissue • makes antibodies against the donor’s tissue

  10. KEY CONCEPTAn overactive immune system can make the body very unhealthy.

  11. What is an allergy? • An allergy is a response to a harmless antigen. • cause an allergic reaction. • cause inflammation responses.

  12. There are many different allergens. • food, e.g. peanuts, milk, wheat, etc. • airborne, e.g. pollen, dust mite feces, mold, etc. • chemical, e.g. nickel, medicine, bee stings, etc.

  13. Anaphylaxis is an extreme inflammation response. • Blood vessels and airways become too porous. • If not treated immediately, anaphylaxis can cause death. • Allergens can cause anaphylaxis or (Anaphylactic shock)

  14. In autoimmune diseases, white blood cells attack the body’s healthy cells. • Autoimmune diseases are failures of the immune system. • White blood cells cannot recognize healthy cells. • White blood cells attack healthy body cells. • Tissues fail because of attack.

  15. There are over 60 autoimmune diseases.

  16. Pg. 62 Body Story: Out of Control 22mins • What does the wasp venom do to Phoebe’s skin cells? • How do the affected mast cells react to the venom? • What are the side effects of Histamine? • Why does Phoebe not have any antibodies against a wasp sting? • What happens when Phoebe’s mast cells burst after her interaction with Spike the dog? • What mistake did the B-Cells make? • What is anaphylactic shock? • What are the symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

  17. What does the wasp venom do to Phoebe’s skin cells? • Pumps venom into her skin and kills her skin cells and triggers pain nerves 2. How do the affected mast cells react to the venom? • Discharge histamine- Blood vessels expand and fluid leaks out into the damaged area with antibodies 3. What are the side effects of Histamine? • Build up of fluid=Inflammation- red/hot/swollen 4. Why does Phoebe not have any antibodies against a wasp sting? • She has never been stung by a wasp before= no antibodies. Her body must make them from scratch 5. What happens when Phoebe’s mast cells burst after her interaction with Spike the dog? • Erupt and pour out histamine= Runny Nose/allergies (designed to wash a parasite away) 6. What mistake did the B-Cells make? • Mistakes the wasp venom for a parasite- They make “E” antibodies which will make her allergic to wasps 7. What is anaphylactic shock? • Extreme allergic reaction 8. What are the symptoms of anaphylactic shock? • Thousands of mast cells erupt/fluid pours out all over skin=hives/she itches all over=scratch off a parasite/blood pressure drops/Breathing problems/Heart beat increases

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