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1894-1918. Ancient Times. H. He. Midd. -1700. 1923-1961. 1965-. 1735-1843. 1843-1886. Li. Be. B. C. N. O. F. Ne. Na. Mg. Al. Si. P. S. Cl. Ar. K. Ca. Sc. Ti. V. Cr. Mn. Fe. Co. Ni. Cu. Zn. Ga. Ge. As. Se. Br. Kr. Rb. Sr. Y. Zr. Nb. Mo. Tc. Ru. Rh.
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1894-1918 Ancient Times H He Midd. -1700 1923-1961 1965- 1735-1843 1843-1886 Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Discovering the Periodic Table Timeline of Elements Discovery Journal of Chemical Education, Sept. 1989
1894-1918 Ancient Times H He Midd. -1700 1923-1961 1965- 1735-1843 1843-1886 Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Discovering the Periodic Table Journal of Chemical Education, Sept. 1989
1894-1918 Ancient Times H He Midd. -1700 1923-1961 1965- 1735-1843 1843-1886 Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Discovering the Periodic Table Journal of Chemical Education, Sept. 1989
Symbols are Useful The use of symbols is not unique to chemistry. Symbols can be quite helpful - when you know what they mean. Money Arithmetic Music $ . c + - x . A Swedish chemist who invented modern chemical symbols. Discovered the elements: silicon, selenium, cerium, and thorium. Jons Jakob Berzelius (1799 - 1848)
Discovering the Elements Metal gold silver iron mercury tin copper lead Symbol Celestial body Sun Moon Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn Day Latin (dies) Solie Lunae Martis Mercurii Jovis Veneris Saturni French dimanche lundi mardi mercredi jeudi vendredi samedi English Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Ringnes, Journal of Chemical Education, Sept. 1989, page 731
Air Earth Water Fire Alchemical Symbols used in the 15th Century Silver Iron Lead Tin Mercury Gold Copper Symbols used in the 16th and 17th Century Chemical Symbols Moon Mars Saturn Jupiter Mercury Sun Venus Ancient Astronomical Symbols Brownlee, Fuller, Hancock, Sohon, Whitsit, First Principles of Chemistry, 1931, page 74
Water Copper Sulfur Sulfuric acid Antimony Symbols used in the 18th Century Oxygen Nitrogen Copper C Soda Hydrogen Sulfur Mercury Potassa Carbon Silver Lead Gold S L G Water Carbon dioxide Alcohol Symbols used by John Dalton Chemical Symbols Brownlee, Fuller, Hancock, Sohon, Whitsit, First Principles of Chemistry, 1931, page 74