“The Science and Technology and Human Rights Nexus in the Arab World”

1. “The Science and Technology and Human Rights Nexus in the Arab World” Adnan Badran 18th IAS Conference Doha 22-24 October 2011

2. Human Rights • Foundation of Freedom, Justice and Peace in the World. • Human Rights are “basic rights and freedoms that all people are entitled to regardless of nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, race, religion, language, or other status."

3. Main Instruments for Human Rights

4. Indicators of International Bill of Rights as ratified in Arab Countries

5. Arab Charter on Human Rights • By Arab League 15 September 1994. • Although the 22 Arab countries agreed on 42 Articles (Annex 1) but were far from implementation . • Human Rights violations were reported in all Arab countries.

6. Human Rights Science & Technology

7. What correlation do we have between human rights (HRs) indicators & science, technology and innovations, (STIs) indicators ? 7

8. Expenditure on R&D: The contribution of private sector vs. public sector

9. GERD/GDP in selected OIC countries relevance to human rights, 2008 % Key: GERD: Gross expenditure on research and development GDP: Gross domestic products

10. Investment in science: Researchers per million population in selected OIC countries relevance to human rights, 2010 per million population Note: * FTE (Full time equivalents) ** HC (Headcounts) Source: www.chartsbin.com

11. Scientific listed papers published in selected OIC countries relevance to human rights, 2010 Per million population. Source: Thomson Reuters (Scientific) Inc. Web of Science. Science Citation Index Expanded, complied for UNESCO by the Observatoire des Sciences et des techniques for population data; World Bank (2010) World Development Indicators. 11

12. Top ten countries in the world for patent and utility innovation applications 2009 Source : as reported by: www.myipo.gov.my 12

13. Investment in Science R&D output: patents in selected OIC countriesrelevance to human rights, 2009 US patents granted to residents of selected countries, 2009 Source : as reported by: www.WIPO.com 13

14. Investment in Science Who funds what in R&D? relevance to human rights 14

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16. Internet penetration in selected OIC countries relevance to human rights Source: www.internetworldstats.com 16

17. Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) in selected OIC countriesrelevance to human rights, 2011 Knowledge Economy Index The knowledge Economy Index (KEI) is calculated on the basis of the average normalized scores of a country or region on all four pillars of the knowledge economy: economic incentive & institutional regime: education, innovation; & ICTS. The score ranges from a low of 0 to a high of 10. Source: World Bank 17

18. List of selected OIC countries by GDP (PPP) per capita ($) relevance to human rights * 2009 ** 2010 Source: Wikipedia 18

19. How Jordan stands with HRs indicators: I. On Civil & Political Rights Reforms: • Multiparty political system (law). • Election of parliament and municipalities (law). • Formation of Governments representing parliamentary majorities (constitution). • Absolute vs. constitutional monarchy (constitution). 19

20. II. On economic, social & cultural Rights: • Right to Living. • Right to Development. • Right to Work. • Right to Education. • Right to Health. • Right to a Safe Environment. • Women Rights. 20

21. In Summary Indicators show that Islamic countries that have adhered to human rights have progressed toward building a democratic society, and have achieved capacity building in science & technology and ultimately achieved peace and development. On the other hand, those countries that have violated human rights; have fallen behind in science and technology, in growth and development and were accentuated with instability, unemployment and poverty. 21

22. Thank you 22