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Stramenopiles

Stramenopiles. 29. 28. 32. 33. 31. 30. STRAMENOPILES: Autotrophs (“Ochrophytes”). 1. 3. Brown Algae. Synurans. 4. 5. Golden-Brown Algae. Yellow-Green Algae. STRAMENOPILES: Autotrophs (“Ochrophytes”). 2. Diatoms. STRAMENOPILES: Heterotrophs. Saprolegnia. 7. 6. Water Molds.

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Stramenopiles

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  1. Stramenopiles 29 28 32 33 31 30

  2. STRAMENOPILES: Autotrophs (“Ochrophytes”) 1 3 Brown Algae Synurans 4 5 Golden-Brown Algae Yellow-Green Algae

  3. STRAMENOPILES: Autotrophs (“Ochrophytes”) 2 Diatoms

  4. STRAMENOPILES: Heterotrophs Saprolegnia 7 6 Water Molds

  5. STRAMENOPILES: Heterotrophs Pythium Plasmopora Phytopthora Late Potato Blight Grape Downy Mildew Damping Off Disease, Root Rot

  6. Stramenopile Phylogeny

  7. Stramenopiles Synapomorphy: Heterokont Flagellae

  8. Stramenopiles: Ochrophytes 1 3 Brown Algae Synurans Diatoms 4 5 Yellow-Green Algae Golden-Brown Algae

  9. Putative Chloroplast Origin in “Ochrophytes” 10 11

  10. Diatoms 1 2 3

  11. Diatom Habitat (Marine, Freshwater)

  12. Diatom Habitat Pelagic Benthic 8 7

  13. Diatom Substrates Plankton Periphyton 24

  14. 9 Diatom Substrates Epiphytic Epizoic Epilithic Endophytic/Endosymbiotic Endozoic 11 (Cnidaria) (Foraminfera)

  15. Ocean Sediments 14

  16. Primary Productivity: 20% of Global Carbon Fixation 13

  17. Diatomaceous Earth 26 27

  18. Neurotoxin: Domoic Acid (Binds to Kainate Receptors Membranes of Nervous System) 15 Pseudo-nitzschia Amnesiac Shellfish Poisoning

  19. Frustule

  20. Silica (SiO2, Silicon Dioxide) 18 19 • Abundant in Water • Inert to Enzymatic Attack • pH buffer; maintains Carbonic Anhydrase Activity

  21. Frustule Components

  22. Epivalve, Epicingulum, Hypovalve, Hypocingulum Fig. 12-16 in Graham and Wilcox 2007

  23. Girdle = Cingulum

  24. Girdle View Valve View 20 22

  25. Areolae Fig. 12-19 in Graham and Wilcox 2007

  26. Loculate and Poroid Areolae (and Velum) Fig. 12-18 in Graham and Wilcox 2007

  27. Striae STRIAE Fig. 12-20 in Graham and Wilcox 2000

  28. Ocellus: Mucilage Secretion Figs. 12-21, 12-22 in Graham and Wilcox 2007

  29. Tubes: Labiate Processes Fig. 12-14 in Graham and Wilcox 2000

  30. Tubes: Strutted Processes Figs. 12-14, 12-23 in Graham and Wilcox 2007

  31. Forms of Extracellular Mucilage Fig. 13.10 in Lee 1999

  32. Raphe, Central Nodule, Polar Nodules Fig. 13.1 in Lee 1998 Fig. 13.3 in Lee 1999 Fig. 12-25 in Graham and Wilcox 2000

  33. Raphe System Valve View Girdle View Figs. 12-24, 12-26 in Graham and Wilcox 2000

  34. Diatom Structural Diversity: Centric, Araphic Pennate, Raphic Pennate ARAPHIC PENNATE CENTRIC RAPHIC PENNATE

  35. Colonial Diatoms Skeletonema Licmophora Asterionella Tabellaria Chaetoceros

  36. Periphytic Diatoms Gomphonema

  37. Diatom Phylgoeny Fig. 12.14 in Graham et al. 2008

  38. Chloroplast Origin 34

  39. Diatom Cell Division Fig. 12.24 in Graham et al. 2008

  40. Centric Sex Fig. 12.25 in Graham et al. 2008

  41. Pennate Sex Fig. 12.26 in Graham et al. 2008

  42. 1 http://www.daviddarling.info/images/diatoms.jpg 2 http://www.bhikku.net/archives/03/img/diatoms.JPG 3 http://www.zarzora.com/albums/Great-Sand-Sea/silica.jpg 4 http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/images/upwelling.gif 5 http://library.thinkquest.org/5194/picts/ocean%20map.JPEG 6 http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/graphics/photos0506/ laketurnover.gif 7 http://www.mholmer.biology.sdu.dk/grafik/snapshot/Pelagic% 20trap.JPG 8 http://dept.bio.unipd.it/~casellato/research/foto/benthic1.jpg

  43. 9 http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/fishlab/Dhaku/epizoic%20diatom/Falcula %20hyalina/1st%20ante%20em.jpg 11 http://fce.lternet.edu/publications/presentations/FCEslides/images/Slide17.jpg 12 http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/water/coasts/contentpix/shore.jpg 13 http://www.fbs.leeds.ac.uk/gradschool/BCMSc/graphics/wifs.gif 14 http://hjs.geol.uib.no/marinemicro/maps/0-0-2-map-sediments-facies.jpg 15 http://www.arpa.emr.it/daphne/progetto_mare/images/im_ Pseudo_nitzschia_seriata.jpg 16 http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2131.jpg 17 http://www.ualg.pt/adiac/intro/frustule.GIF 18 http://www.microscope-microscope.org/applications/sand/LakePowell3.jpg

  44. 19 http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/1597/PreviewComp/ SuperStock_1597-27246.jpg 20 http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2131.jpg 21 http://www.priweb.org/ed/pgws/systems/images/diatom.jpg 22 http://www.priweb.org/ed/pgws/systems/images/diatom.jpg 23 http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgapr02/db2sa.jpg 24 http://www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/bioref/Chromista/Vaucheria_epiphytes.jpg 25 http://www.scienceprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/plankton_591.jpg 26 http://courses.bio.psu.edu/fall2005/biol110/tutorials/tutorial30_files/ diatomaceous_earth.jpg 27 http://www.holocaust-history.org/auschwitz/zyklonb/Sample3-diatomaceousearth.jpg 28 http://www.carolina.com/images/en_US//local/products/altview_large/152940_lp.jpg 29 http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/seagrant/GLWL/Protozoa/Ochromonas2.jpg

  45. 31 http://www.marlin.ac.uk/imgs/Species/Chromophycota/ o_lamhyp.jpg 32 http://herbarium.biosci.ohio-state.edu/Diatom.jpg 33 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/images/saprolegnia.jpg 34 http://myweb.dal.ca/jmarchib/pic.secondary-endo.jpg

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