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Terminology

Terminology Continued. Spindle Fibers - microtubules that form between centrioles.Equator - center of the cell.Poles - oppposite ends of the cell.. Interphase. Carries on normal daily activitiesReplication - doubling the genetic materials occurs.Doubling of membranes and other organelles occur..

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Terminology

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    1. Terminology Centrosome - contains two centrioles. Chromatids two chromosomes held together by a centromere. Centromere - holds two chromatids together

    2. Terminology Continued Spindle Fibers - microtubules that form between centrioles. Equator - center of the cell. Poles - oppposite ends of the cell.

    3. Interphase Carries on normal daily activities Replication - doubling the genetic materials occurs. Doubling of membranes and other organelles occur.

    5. Stages of Mitosis 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase

    6. Prophase Chromatids become visible. Centrosome splits into two centrioles. Centrioles move toward opposite poles. Nuclear membrane disappears. Nucleolus disappears. Spindle fibers form.

    8. Metaphase Chromatids line up at the equator.

    10. Anaphase Centromeres separate. Chromatids are now called chromosomes. Chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles.

    12. Telophase Final stage of mitosis. Nuclear membrane reappears. Nucleolus reappears. Chromatin becomes visible. Centrioles double to form a centrosome. Spindle fibers disappear. Cytokinesis occurs.

    14. Cytokinesis Begins during anaphase. Cell membrane begins to constrict in the middle of the cell. Cells are pinched off in the center forming two new cells.

    15. Comparison between Plant and Animal Cells Plant cells have no centriole Plant cells have no cytokinesis. Have a cell plate form instead

    16. Differentiation At fertilization - two cells unite to form one new cell - zygote. Zygote splits to form two, then four, then 8 and so on. (cells are the same) 3-8 weeks after fertilization - cell begin to specialize.

    17. Differentiation Continued By birth there are 200 different cells Differentiation - the process by which cells develop specialized functions. Occurs because genes cause some chemicals to become active and others to be silent.

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