Chemistry

1. Chemistry

2. Alchemy vs. Chemistry The Alchemist The Alchemist’s Dream Zinc Pennies Alchemy vs. Chemistry Pure Science Applied Science Aluminum Mining Corning Glass Fertilizers (5-15-10) Areas of Chemistry Stereotypes of Chemists A Career in Chemistry Forensic Scientist The Scope of Chemistry Starting Salaries

3. The Alchemist Frankly, I’d be satisfied if I could turn gold into lead!

4. The Alchemist’s Dream COPPER “SILVER” “GOLD” Zinc coated Brass = Copper + Zinc Penny into Gold - Alchemist Dream

5. Zinc Pennies Before 1982, all pennies were solid copper (except 1943). Copper was used to make bullet shells in WW II. By 1943, the supply of copper metal was in short supply. The US government did not want to ‘waste’ copper on making pennies. Pennies were made with steel metal. They looked silver. A shortage of copper drove the price of copper up in the early 1980s. If melted down, the copper could be sold for more than one cent. After 1982, pennies were made from zinc. A thin coating of copper was pressed on the zinc.

6. Democrat vs. Republican Alike Different Different politicians right left Topic Topic Democrat Republican liberal conservative ethical un support 'little man' support big business ?

7. Alchemy vs. Chemistry Alike Different Different Topic Topic Chemistry Alchemy

8. “I think you’ve crossed that thin line between transmuting and cooking.”

9. Paracelsus Man consisted of three elements SALT represented the body SULFUR the soul MERCURY the spirit He thought he could rearrange the amounts of the elements to change man. He desired immortality and searched for a mystical elixir of life.

10. ~ ~ D D ___ ___ The Beginnings early practical chemistry: household goods, weapons, soap, wine, basic medicine The Greeks believed there were four elements. D earth air fire water

11. ALCHEMY Timeline Greeks (Democratus ~450 BC) Discontinuous theory of matter Issac Newton (1642 - 1727) 400 BC 300 AD 1000 2000 Greeks (Aristotle ~350 BC)) Continuous theory of matter American Independence (1776)

12. Alchemy In Europe, alchemy was Allegedly, this substance would turn cheap metals into gold. the quest for the Philosopher’s Stone (the elixir, the Sorcerer’s Stone).

13.  Philosopher’s Stone COPPER  GOLD changing one substance into another transmutation In ordinary chemical reactions, we cannot transmute elements into different elements.

14. Early Ideas on Elements Robert Boyle stated... • A substance was an element unless it could be broken down to two or more simpler substances. • Air therefore could not be an element because it could be broken down in to many pure substances. Robert Boyle

15. Alchemy • After that 'chemistry' was ruled by alchemy. • They believed that that could take any cheap metals and turn them into gold. • Alchemists were almost like magicians. • elixirs, physical immortality

16. GOLD SILVER COPPER IRON SAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alchemy Alchemical symbols for substances… transmutation: changing one substance into another D In ordinary chemistry, we cannot transmute elements.

17. GOLD SILVER COPPER IRON SAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alchemy (~500 – 1300 A.D.) the quest for the Philosopher’s Stone It was supposed to change cheap metals into gold. Alchemical symbols for substances… transmutation: changing one substance into another In ordinary chemistry, we cannot transmute elements. Contributions of alchemists: lab apparatus / procedures how to make some alloys properties of some elements

18. Alchemy was practiced in many regions of the world, including China and the Middle East. Alchemy arrived in western Europe around the year 500 C.E. Modern chemistry evolved from alchemy.

19. Contributions of alchemists: • Information about elements • - the elements mercury, sulfur, and antimony were discovered • - properties of some elements • Develop lab apparatus / procedures / experimental techniques • - alchemists learned how to prepare acids. • - developed several alloys • - new glassware

20. What is Chemistry? the study of matter and its changes

21. Areas of Chemistry • Organic • Inorganic • Analytical • Physical • Biochemistry The study of most carbon-containing compounds The study of all substances not classified as organic, mainly those compounds that do not contain carbon The identification of the components and composition of materials The study of the properties, changes, and relationships between energy and matter The study of substances and processes occurring in living things

22. Areas of Chemistry physical organic the study of carbon- containing compounds measuring physical properties of substances e.g., the melting point of gold inorganic everything except carbon e.g., compounds containing metals biochemistry the chemistry of living things

23. Stereotypes of Chemists • Male • Middle-aged • White • Lab coat • Nerd / Geek

24. Careers in Chemistry • research (new products) • production (quality control) • development (manufacturing) • chemical sales • software engineering • teaching

25. Careers in Chemistry research (new products) production (quality control) development (scale up manufacturing processes) chemical sales software engineering teaching The skills you will develop by an earnest study of chemistry will help you in any career field.

26. chemistry: the study of matter and its changes Areas of Chemistry organic: the study of carbon-containing compounds inorganic: studies everything except carbon (e.g., metals) biochemistry: the chemistry of living things physical: measuring physical properties of substances

27. Government Regulation of Chemicals …to protect the… environment consumer worker Consumer Product Safety Commission, USDA, BATF, FDA OSHA EPA

28. A Career in the Field of Chemistry • Research Chemist • Chemist who works in Development

29. Production Chemists and Technicians • Other Jobs for Chemists • Chemical sales, software engineering, patent law, teaching

30. The skills you will develop by an earnest study of chemistry will help you in any career field.

31. The Scope of Chemistry -- petroleum products gasoline, oil, diesel fuel, heating oil, asphalt -- synthetic fibers nylon, polyester, rayon, spandex -- pharmaceuticals medicines, cancer drugs, VIAGRA 1 in 10,000 new products gets FDA approval -- bulk chemical manufacturing #1 chemical = sulfuric acid (H2SO4) All fields of endeavor are affected by chemistry.

32. The Scope of Chemistry acids, bases, fertilizers fuels, oils, greases, asphalt 1 in 10,000 new products gets FDA approval nylon, polyester, rayon, spandex bulk chemical manufacturing petroleum products pharmaceuticals synthetic fibers

33. Research Basic Research • Carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge • Driven by curiosity or a desire to know • Roy Plunkett ‘discovers’ Teflon is a nonstick material Applied Research • Carried out to solve a specific problem • Safer refrigerant that does not harm ozone layer Technological Development • Production and use of products that improve our quality of life • Computer chips, biodegradable materials, catalytic converters for automobiles

34. Forensic Scientist Arson is suspected in the burning of this house. • Use science to solve crimes • Arson investigation • DNA fingerprinting • Luminol test for blood Gasoline, paint, and bottled gas are extremely volatile.

35. The Scope of Chemistry The chemical industry has a large effect on our lives. • bulk chemical manufacturing • synthetic fibers • petroleum products • pharmaceuticals • ALL fields of endeavor are affected by chemistry.

36. Starting Yearly Salaries Chemist BS $45,400 MS $53,500 PhD $66,000 Related Occupations: Chemical Engineering, biological scientist, chemical technologist, physicists, medical scientists vs. Communications BS MS PhD Physician Resident $30,753 - $41,895 Earning $120,000 - $240,000 1998 Average Salaries

37. All fields of endeavor are affected by chemistry.