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Cell Anatomy

Cell Anatomy. Chapter 3. Objectives. Discuss the structure of a typical cell. Describe the molecular structure and function of cell membranes. Identify by name the organelles of the cell. Discuss the structure and function organelles of the cell.

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Cell Anatomy

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  1. Cell Anatomy Chapter 3

  2. Objectives • Discuss the structure of a typical cell. • Describe the molecular structure and function of cell membranes. • Identify by name the organelles of the cell. • Discuss the structure and function organelles of the cell. • Discuss the organization and generalized function of chromatin material in the nucleus. • Describe the different types of cell connections.

  3. Functional Anatomy of Cells (p. 69) • The typical cell (Fig. 3-1) • 3 components (look on page 73) • Cell types (Table 3:1) • Give 3 examples

  4. Cell Membranes (Fig. 3-2, Table 3-3) • Fluid mosaic model • Phospholipid bilayer (Fig. 2-22) • Hydrophilic heads • Hydrophobic tails (99%) • Cholesterol scattered to aid function at body temp

  5. Cell Membranes (Fig. 3-2, Table 3-3) • Membrane proteins (Fig. 3-2) • Allow for controlled movement into and out of cell • Channel proteins • Glycoproteins act as identification markers • Receptor proteins • React to specific chemicals to permit different processes • Enzyme – catalyst with active sites

  6. Cytoplasm and Organelles (p. 73) • Cytosol • Membranous organelles (Table 3-2) • Endoplasmic reticulum (Figs. 3-5, 3-8) • Golgi apparatus (Figs. 3-4, 3-5, 3-8) • Lysosomes(Fig. 3-1) • Peroxisomes • Mitochondria (Figs. 3-6) • Non-membranous • Ribosomes (Figs. 3-3, 3-5)

  7. Nucleus (Fig. 3-7) • Nuclear envelope • Similar to the plasma membrane of the cell • Holes called nuclear pores • Chromatin • Threads in non-dividing cells • When tightly wound = chromosomes (dividing cells) • Nucleolus • Small and non-membranous • Contains nucleic acids that are not DNA, but RNA

  8. Cytoskeleton (p. 83) • Cell fibers (Figs. 3-8, 3-9) • Microfilaments = “cellular muscles”, cell shortening • Intermediate filaments = supporting framework • Microtubules = move things around in the cell • Centrosome(Figs. 3-1) • Coordinates building of things in the cell

  9. Cytoskeleton (p. 83) • Cell extensions • Microvilli(Figs. 3-1; 3-10, A) • Found in the intestines to increase surface area and aide in absorption • Cilia (Fig. 3-10, B) • Flagella (Fig. 3-10, C) • Found only in human sperm cells

  10. Cell Connections (Fig. 3-11) • Desmosomes • “spot welds” • Hold adjacent cells together • Gap junctions • Membrane channels, forming tunnels between cells • Tight junctions • “collars” , tight fusion, no permeation between cells • Found in intestines

  11. Assignment • Create a foldable in the shape of a cell • Each flap will be in the shape of the organelle • Must include • Function of organelle • Name of organelle

  12. The End

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