The Industrial City

1. The Industrial City The Culture of Cities Wednesday, March 29/2006 SOSC 2730

2. Urban Studies Program @ YorkU http://www.arts.yorku.ca/sosc/urbanst/index.html contact: Lisa Drummond Program Coordinator S767 Ross Building 416-736-2100 x 77792 prog. office: S751 Ross drummond@yorku.ca416-736-2100 x77796

3. Final Examination 2-5 PM, Monday, April 24 Curtis Lecture Hall D format:Part A (Quiz 5) Part B answer 2 essay questions out of 5 (cumulative)

4. Schedule of Reading • week of March 13 • The Structure of Baroque Power (12) • Court, Parade & Capital (13) • week of March 20 • Commercial Expansion & Urban Dissolution (14) • Paleotechnic Paradise: Coketown (15) • week of March 27 • Suburbia –– and Beyond (16) • The Myth of Megalopolis (17) • week of April 3 • Retrospect & Prospect (18)

5. Selected Civilizations

6. The Industrial CityUpwards & Outwards

10. Upwards

13. Proposed Fordham Tower, Chicago

14. Technological Achievements in the Development of the Skyscraper • 1855Bessemer process for producing inexpensive steel is perfected • 1857Otis develops the safety equipped elevator • 1867Monier patents reinforced concrete • 1867Remington develops the first commercially successful typewriter • 1869Commercial electrical power generation • 1876Bessemer process is improved, allowing for the use of inferior quality iron ores, resulting in another significant reduction in the cost of steel production • 1876Bell introduces the telephone and long-distance voice transmission • 1876The commercial application of the mimeograph copying machine • 1879Commercially successful electric light bulbs are marketed • 1879Leiter Building, Chicago becomes the world’s first skyscraper, using an iron frame • 1885First use of structural steel for skyscrapers (Home Insurance Building, Chicago) • 1887Electrification of the elevator • 1892Use of curtain walls to cover the exterior of a steel framed skyscraper • 1892Hennebique improves reinforced concrete with a rectangular arrangement of steel bars • 1895Simpson’s Department Store, Toronto is the first skyscraper built in Canada • 1903The Flatiron Building, New York City is the first skyscraper built in that city • 1903The first use of reinforced concrete to produce an office building -- Ingals Building, Cincinnati

15. 1855Bessemer process for producing inexpensive steel is perfected • 1857Otis develops the safety equipped elevator • 1867Monier patents reinforced concrete • 1867Remington develops the first commercially successful typewriter • 1869Commercial electrical power generation • 1876Bessemer process is improved, allowing for the use of inferior quality iron ores, resulting in another significant reduction in the cost of steel production

21. 1876Bell introduces the telephone and long-distance voice transmission • 1876The commercial application of the mimeograph copying machine • 1879Commercially successful electric light bulbs are marketed • 1879Leiter Building, Chicago becomes the world’s first skyscraper, using an iron frame • 1885First use of structural steel for skyscrapers (Home Insurance Building, Chicago)

24. Leiter Building Home Insurance Building

26. 1887Electrification of the elevator • 1892Use of curtain walls to cover the exterior of a steel framed skyscraper • 1892Hennebique improves reinforced concrete with a rectangular arrangement of steel bars • 1895Simpson’s Department Store, Toronto is the first skyscraper built in Canada • 1903The Flatiron Building, New York City is the first skyscraper built in that city • 1903The first use of reinforced concrete to produce an office building -- Ingals Building, Cincinnati

31. Outwards

42. Long Island Motor Parkway, 1906-08William K Vanderbilt Jr