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Introduction to DNA Transcription and Translation

Introduction to DNA Transcription and Translation. The Overview. Makin' Proteins. So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up. But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?.

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Introduction to DNA Transcription and Translation

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  1. Introduction to DNA Transcription and Translation

  2. The Overview

  3. Makin' Proteins So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?

  4. We Shall Start the Process of Transcribing the DNA (Genetic Blue Print) • Open up and Read the DNA strand • Make a copy of the DNA sequence in RNA that we will call Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Send the copy out of the Nucleus to be read off of, so that proteins can be made 

  5. How can You Get into the Middle of DNA?

  6. Copy'in DNA to mRNA Let’s make a Template People! We need to copy DNA, but only copy it – how about a messenger version called mRNA

  7. mRNA Leaving Nucleus This is the end of Transcription – the creation of mRNA!

  8. When mRNA meets tRNA, the message is written, or TRANSLATED! The result is amino acid linking into protein! Note how the tRNA to the left leaves and donates the amino acid to the neighbor on the right 

  9. DNA Sentences are Wonderful – okay, I’m lying, but they’re on the test  On mRNA, there are words, composed of 3 letters 3 Letters = 1 Word (a CODON) Each word = an AMINO ACID

  10. Codons are DNA words, requesting protein construction CODON Amino Acid GCA Alanine AGA Arginine CCA Proline GGA Glycine GUA Valine UGU Cysteine UGA STOP construction!

  11. The Actors: The Ribosome (the Hamburger) • The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis, one amino acid at a time. tRNA (the Amino Acid delivery man) • tRNA is the evil little delivery system, which happens to be made of RNA

  12. The Play: mRNA copied off a DNA strand pops out of the nucleus! Amino Acid chain growing tRNA delivering the Amino Acid to the matching mRNA destination

  13. Another View: Amino Acids to protein mRNA And this happens very quickly all at once...

  14. The Overview

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