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DNA Transcription, Translation, and Protein Synthesis

DNA Transcription, Translation, and Protein Synthesis. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) = makes proteins. Structure A. Nucleotides = ribose sugar, nitrogen base, PO4 B. Different from DNA => 1.Ribose instead of deoxyribose 2. Single strand

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DNA Transcription, Translation, and Protein Synthesis

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  1. DNA Transcription, Translation, and Protein Synthesis

  2. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)= makes proteins Structure A. Nucleotides = ribose sugar, nitrogen base, PO4 B. Different from DNA => 1.Ribose instead of deoxyribose 2. Single strand 3. Uracil instead of thymine No “T” in RNA A-U U instead of T A-U C-G

  3. 3 Forms A. Messenger RNA (mRNA) = single uncoiled, strand = formsfrom DNA template = carries into nucleus to cytoplasm B. Transfer RNA (tRNA) = single Strand folded =20 varieties, bind to one amino acid C. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) = globular form: make up ribosome = produce enzymes to link amino acids

  4. DNA Transcription = process in which mRNA is made according to the sequence of bases in DNA

  5. DNA Transcription • Enzyme RNA polymerase, binds to the DNA and “unzips” strand • Free RNA nucleotides H-bond to DNA • RNA polymerase binds sugar and PO4 of forming RNA • RNA leaves nucleus and goes to cytoplasm • DNA strand rejoins

  6. f. DNA code “inherent” in complimentary base sequence of RNA

  7. Translation = assembling proteins from “info” encoded in mRNA

  8. Translation a. mRNA moves to ribosome b. Each 3 bases of mRNA = CODON: AUG ACA GUU GGC c. Codon = recognizes 1 Specific amino acid: 64 codons for 20 a.a d. tRNA in cytoplasm brings free floating amino acids to ribosome e. tRNA has ANTICODON = 3 base sequence complimentary to mRNA codon f. Ribosome attaches to AUG “start” codon g. tRNA anticodon UAC pairs and brings methionine h. Ribosomes moves down mRNA; codon/anticodon pair: enzymes link

  9. Transcription, Translation, Protein Synthesis

  10. Protein Synthesis = formation of proteins using info coded in DNA; carried out by RNA a. Proteins = long chains of amino acids in correct order; (20 a.a) b. GENE = short segment of DNA that direct formation of proteins c. Genetic Code = system that contains info needed by cell to function

  11. d. Central Dogma Of Molecular Biology DNA => RNA => Proteins

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