8/13 Brain Teaser

1. 8/13 Brain Teaser • I am weightless, but you can see me. Put me in a bucket, and I'll make it lighter. What am I?

2. A hole in the bucket

3. 8/13 Class Information • Syllabus contract due by Friday in the basket • Please have your binder by Wednesday! • $5 class fee paid to Mrs. Ireland • First class to 100% earns a treat

4. 8/13 Agenda • Brain Teaser • AP Biology Diagnostic Exam- 45 min • Why science is important article • Classroom procedures- 5 min • Getting to know you- 15 min • Science as a process- 15 min

5. Diagnostic Exam Procedure • Complete the diagnostic exam. Notes and partners may not be used. Keep your eyes on your own paper and answer every question. Turn in the exam to the basket. When you finish the exam, begin reading the article and be ready to discuss. • Time: 45 minutes • Noise: 0 (silent)

6. Getting to know you • Directions: All of the students will stand in a circle about a foot apart. I will read off a question and if you can answer yes to the question you must leave your spot in the circle and, run to the center of the circle and trade spots with another student. You may not return to your same spot in the same round. After one round has been played, you may return to that spot. Students who do not answer yes, must stay in their spot and not move. • Time: 15 minutes • Outside

7. Classroom Procedures • Classroom folders • Absent work

8. Unit 1: Science as Inquiry • Science as a process • Science is Latin for “to know”

10. Recap from yesterday… • Take 30 seconds to answer the following question as a group. I will call on two groups and all members must be ready to answer. • Why do we call science a process?

11. Why do we mainly focus on hypothesis science, based on the background knowledge you have of science.

12. Science asks 3 basic questions- • What’s there? • The astronaut picking up rocks on the moon, the nuclear physicist bombarding atoms, the marine biologist describing a newly discovered species, the paleontologist digging in promising strata, are all seeking to find out, “What’s there?” • How does it work? • A geologist comparing the effects of time on moon rocks to the effects of time on earth rocks, the nuclear physicist observing the behavior of particles, the marine biologist observing whales swimming, and the paleontologist studying the locomotion of an extinct dinosaur, “How does it work?” • How did it come to be this way? • Each of these scientists tries to reconstruct the histories of their objects of study. Whether these objects are rocks, elementary particles, marine organisms, or fossils, scientists are asking, “How did it come to be this way?”

13. “Why is science important” • What is the authors argument in the first paragraph about the allocation of funds? • Do you believe science benefits the family? • Why should you care if you can think like a “scientist”? • What is one of the most important skills you can have in this age?

14. Biology blends two main scientific approaches: discovery science and hypothetical science. • We will mainly focus on hypothesis-based science • More to come on this later.

15. Scientific Method • The first step is OBSERVATION • Make an observation of the world around you.

16. Scientific Method • The second step is QUESTION • From your observation, construct a question about your observation.

17. Scientific Method • The third step is HYPOTHESIS. • A hypothesis is an educated guess. • A hypothesis must be measurable and answer your question (step 2).

18. "If _____[I do this] _____, then _____[this]_____ will happen." •"If I open the faucet, then it will increase the flow of water. •"If a plant receives fertilizer, then it will grow to be bigger than a plant that does not receive fertilizer. Writing a hypothesis

19. Tips for writing a hypothesis • A hypothesis is a statement, not a question. • Make your hypothesis clear and concise. • A hypothesis must be testable. • Your hypothesis must answer your question. • Remember your variables.

20. Hypotheses • An “If this, then this” statement is another way to write a cause and effect relationship. • The cause and effects are known as variables. • Independent and dependent variables

21. “If independent variable, then dependent variable” Example: If I drink red bull, then I will stay up longer. For Example:

22. Variables • Every experiment has two variables: • Independent variable (cause) • Dependent variable (effect) “If I work out everyday, then I will get stronger”

23. Independent Variable • If I workout • If I study • If I come to class • If I take the ACT The variable being tested in an experiment Independent= I CHOOSE!!!!

24. Dependent Variable - If I workout, then I will get buff - If I study, then I will get an A. - If I come to class, then I will learn. - If I take the ACT, then I can apply for college. The variable we predict will be effected Depends on= Independent Variable

25. Class Practice I will give you the problem. Then I will give you a variable. Tell me if the variable is the Independent variable or dependent variable

26. Let’s try… Problem: Do record sales increase when Lil’ Wayne is featured on a song?

27. The variable Dependent Variable. The effect of Lil’ Wayne on a record is record sales increase. Number of records sold

28. Problem Is there a relationship between the amount of homework a teacher gives and how students perform on the exams?

29. Variable Independent Variable. If the teacher gives homework, then the students will perform well on the exam. The amount of homework a teacher gives

30. Problem - Does fertilizer affect plant height?

31. Variable Dependent Variable. If a plant is fertilized, then it will grow taller. Plant height

32. Independent Practice • Directions: Using your textbook and notes, answer the following questions independently. I am expecting AP level answers. • Time: 20 minutes • Noise: 0-1 (we are working independently and with the quiet help of you teammates)

33. On a lined sheet of paper, answer the following questions. EXIT TICKET #1 • 1. Identify the independent and dependent variables: • If I drink chocolate milk after working out, then I will recover faster. • If I work harder, then I will earn more money. • If I take in more oxygen while exercising, then I will be able to exercise at a faster pace. • 2. The dependent variable depends on what? • 3. What is the importance of variables?

34. Scientific claims are based on testing explanations against observations of the natural world and rejecting the ones that fail the test. • Scientific explanations are evaluated using evidence from the natural world. That evidence may come from various sources: a controlled lab experiment, a study of anatomy, or recordings of radiation from outer space, to name just a few. Explanations that don’t fit the evidence are rejected or are modified and tested again

35. Scientific claims are subject to peer review and replication. • Peer review is an integral part of genuine scientific enterprise and goes on continuously in all areas of science. The process of peer review includes examination of other scientists’ data and logic. It attempts to identify alternative explanations, and attempts to replicate observations and experiments.