SNOLAB Science and Impact

1. SNOLAB Science and Impact Samantha Kuula SNOLAB Communications Officer

2. What is SNOLAB? • SNOLAB is a deep underground science research facility, located at 2070m depth in the Vale Creighton mine • Operates as a clean-room throughout, and shields sensitive detectors from background radiations by great depth, high purity detectors and shields • SNOLAB is unique as the deepest, cleanest laboratory of its kind in the world. • The science programme addresses some of the most fundamental questions in contemporary science

3. Underground Facilities SNOLAB Area: 5360 m2 Cube Hall Cryopit Utility Drift Halo Stub SNO Area: 1860 m2 Ladder Labs SNO Cavern South Drift Personnel facilities

4. The Science Programme • Deep underground science addresses some of the most fundamental and high scientific priority questions in contemporary physics: • What is the dark matter that pervades and shapes our universe? • How have neutrinos shaped the evolution of the universe and the synthesis of heavy elements? • How did the universe begin and what caused the asymmetry that led to a matter dominated universe? • SNOLAB has a portfolio of projects of varying scale covering R&D, prototyping and exploitation • Location of choice - available space rapidly allocated • Larger SNOLAB projects are long-term and internationally collaborative: 10‘s $M investment over a decade of construction and operation

5. Cube Hall Cryopit Utility Drift Halo Stub Ladder Labs SNO Cavern South Drift Personnel facilities

6. International and Canadian Context • SNOLAB is one of a small number of international science facilities, all making important contributions to understanding the Universe • e.g. at CERN, researchers are hoping to create dark matter particles for the first time since the Big Bang; at SNOLAB we hope to observe those created in the Big Bang itself. • SNOLAB interlinks to the Perimeter Institute and TRIUMF, providing complementary skills and capabilities.

7. Science Impact • The initial SNO results were extremely high impact • Cited as among the top two breakthroughs of 2011 (Science) • Three top cited nuclear physics experimental papers • Multiple awards to the SNO team (Polyani, Herzberg, Vogt, Henry Marshal Tory, Order of Ontario) • SNOLAB science programme nascent and under development, but already: • COUPP and PICASSO have posted world-leading results in spin dark matter searches (Munich 2011) • US Marx review on underground reviewed SNOLAB as the only other location of choice for the US programme • SNOLAB team and researchers are frequent plenary speakers at International conferences

8. Funding Model • Capital investment was $85M in SNO and $65M in SNOLAB; Operations are ~$8M/year cash • SNOLAB experiments derive their own additional funding outside this capital envelope • Support for facility and experiments have been derived from Provincial, Federal, University and industrial partners, and international sources • Significant in-kind support has been provided by Vale (and INCO previously) • SNOLAB has ~60 on-site staff, with a research base of >250 researchers from 52 institutions across 6 countries

9. Economic Impact • SNOLAB delivers economic impact through: • Direct and indirect job creation to develop and operate the facility, and to construct and operate the experiments • Investment attraction from international experiments, with additional anticipated growth • Technology development and innovation, providing a framework for our research base • Commercialisation through Universities and AAPS • Enabling strategic industries (resource/mining) • Development of Highly Qualified Personnel • Inspiration of the public and next generation innovators • The following are from a KPMG economic impact assessment, which enumerate these statements

12. Highly Qualified Personnel • Current breakdown of research staff shows significant development of HQP • Students: University, co-op and international programmes • Post-docs: ⅓ to faculty; ⅓ to industry; ⅓ to research • Internal SNOLAB staff development • Attracting international researchers to Sudbury • CRC@Laurentian + UK/US/CH/DE/BR • Anticipated 20%-30% growth of user-base as project portfolio develops

13. Outreach and Inspiration • 523 Visitors in 2010: • Education - 89; Professional - 84; Public - 158; Scientific - 192 • SNOLAB within Ontario high school curriculum • Info packs to Northern Ontario schools (~1000 students/yr) • Recent Awards • David Sinclair: CAP-TRIUMF Vogt medal • Art McDonald: RSC Henry Marshal Tory medal • Development with Science North on new models & exhibits • Award winning object theatre seen by 12,300 visitors • New SNOLAB model and displays • Science North access ~125,000/yr • Continued media interactions • Significant media exposure • Discovery/Ch4 ‘Brave New World’ • Discovery - ‘Daily Planet’ • Grand Opening 17th May 2012

14. Summary • SNOLAB is a unique and world-leading facility for deep underground science located in Ontario • SNOLAB supports world-class science, garnering both national and international recognition • SNOLAB has attracted significant Federal and International investment and HQP, and continues to have major impact on the local economy • SNOLAB continues to present a major research and innovation opportunity for Ontario and Canada • Continued support from the Ontario Government is essential for the continued success of SNOLAB and its science programme

15. A Virtual Tour of SNOLAB

16. Surface Facilities

17. Chiller

18. Lab Entry

19. Lab Entrance

20. Galley/Refuge

21. Lab Entry

22. Cryopit

23. Cryopit

24. Cube Hall

25. R&D ‘J’ Drift

26. Ladder Labs

27. Ladder Labs