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CHAPTER 12

CHAPTER 12. SECTION 4 (24 Slides). 1. THE MING DYNASTY. 2. The Rise of Ming. Kublai Khan died weak rulers followed Mongol groups in north broke away many Chinese resented Mongol control wanted own dynasty. 3. Reforming China. rebellions drove out Mongols

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CHAPTER 12

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  1. CHAPTER 12 SECTION 4 (24 Slides) 1

  2. THE MING DYNASTY 2

  3. The Rise of Ming • Kublai Khan died • weak rulers followed • Mongol groups in north broke away • many Chinese resented Mongol control • wanted own dynasty 3

  4. Reforming China • rebellions drove out Mongols • early Ming emperors provided peace & security • restored civil service examinations • made tests even harder • “census” or count of the number of people • collect taxes more accurately • strong government & early Ming emperors • China’s economy begins to grow 4

  5. Zhu Yuanzhang • rebel leader • became emperor • reunited country • made capital Nanjing (southern China) • founded Ming “Brilliant” dynasty • took name Hong Wu or “Military Emperor” 5

  6. Hong Wu • brought back order • ordered… • canals & farms rebuilt (destroyed by Mongols) • people to move to new farms • new forests planted • new roads paved • proved to be a cruel leader • trusted no one • killed officials he suspected of treason • ruled for 30 years before death in 1398 6

  7. YONG LE • son of Zhu Yuanzhang (Hong Wu) • moved capital north to Beijing • built Imperial City • large palaces and government buildings • Forbidden City (center of Imperial City) • entry by only top officials • home to China’s emperors and his court • (more than 500 years) • beautiful gardens • many palaces with thousands of rooms • buildings still exist today 7

  8. Advancements • agriculture thrived • repaired & expanded the Grand Canal • imported new faster growing types of rice from southeast Asia • helped feed large number of people living in cities • supported silk industry encouraged farmers to grow cotton and weaving cloth • first time cotton worn by Chinese 8

  9. Chinese Culture • merchants & artisans grew wealthier • wanted to learn more & be entertained • Chinese writers produced many novels, or long fictional stories 9

  10. Chinese enjoyed dramas on stage • combined spoken words with songs with dances, costumes, & symbolic gestures 10

  11. China Explores the World • early Ming emperors curious about world outside China • increase China’s influence abroad • built large fleet of ships • usually traveled along China’s coast • could also sail open sea • Yong Le sent fleet on seven overseas voyages • wanted to show China’s power • demanded weaker kingdoms to pay tribute to China 11

  12. Zheng He • Muslim & court official • Chinese navigator • leader of seven voyages • first fleet – 62 large ships, 250 smaller ships, and almost 28,000 men • largest ship – over 440 feet long • five times as long as the Santa Maria 12

  13. Where did Zheng He travel? • Southeast Asia • India • Persian Gulf to Arabia • East Africa 13

  14. Chinese Goods Traded • silk • paper • porcelain 1

  15. Goods Brought Back to China • silver • spices • wood • and more… • from Africa • giraffes • additional animals for emperor’s zoo 15

  16. Chinese Officials’ Complaints • trips cost too much • bad for China’s way of life • brought new ideas from outside world • helped merchants become rich • working to gain money for themselves • merchants disobeying Confucius teachings • people should place loyalty to society ahead of their own desires 16

  17. After Zheng He’s Death • officials persuaded new emperor to stop the voyages • boats were dismantled • no more ships (capable of long distances) were allowed to be built • China’s trade with other countries declined • within 50 years, shipbuilding technology was forgotten 17

  18. Portuguese Arrive in China • first Europeans to sail to China • first direct contact between China & Europe since Marco Polo • wanted China to trade with them • tried to convince Chinese to become Christians 18

  19. Chinese View of Portuguese • not threatened (Ming at height of power) • Europeans Barbarians (uncivilized) • refused to trade 19

  20. By 1600… • Chinese allow Portuguese to set up trading posts in Macao (southern China) • European ships carried goods between Macao and Japan • trade still limited between China and Europe 20

  21. Despite Chinese Restrictions… • European ideas reached China • arrival of Christian missionaries (Jesuits) • group of Roman Catholic priests • highly educated • scientific knowledge impressed Chinese • brought clocks, eyeglasses, & scientific instruments • did not convince Chinese to become Christians 21

  22. Fall of the Ming Dynasty • Emperors took too much power (control) • officials had little desire to make improvements • over time, weak rulers • greedy officials • lived in luxury • placed heavy tax on peasants • peasants revolt 22

  23. Manchu Invasion • Law & order disappeared in Ming Dynasty • Manchu attacked China’s northern border • lived northeast of Great Wall • known today as Manchuria • defeated Chinese armies • captured Beijing • set up a new dynasty (1644 Qing Dynasty) 23

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