Overview of Census Indicators

1. Overview of Census Indicators

2. Overview of Presentation • Purposes of census indicators • What is an indicator • How to develop census indicators • Proposed indicators for CensusInfo • Metadata for the indicators

3. Dissemination of Census Data Basic productions for dissemination of census data; Summary information for national, regional and local authorities and users Reports on key findings on particular topics, supplemented detail results and analyses Profiles of local, minority and small population Spatial and graphical analyses Supplementary metadata covering definitions, classifications and coverage and quality assessments

4. Purposes of census indicators Report the important issues on population and housing characteristics to decision makers and users Increase the usefulness of census information for national and local development programs Facilitate the decision-making process at all level of administrative units Cross-analysis among demographic, social, economic and environmental factors Increase the awareness of census users on policy-oriented indicators

5. What is an indicator Indicators can be defined as “a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts”. Indicators can be expressed in different ways: counts/absolute numbers percentages ratios proportion rates mean/median

6. What is an indicator • Counts/absolute numbers: gives an idea about a number of events or a number of people with specific characteristics. • Percentage: a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100: e.g. distribution of population by sex, age groups, marital status, administrative units, nationality. • Ratio: an expression that compares two quantities relative to each other: e.g. sex ratio, age dependency ratio, enrolment ratio.

7. What is an indicator Proportion: special type of ratio expressing a relationship between the part and the whole. The numerator represents a portion of the total; the denominator is the total: e.g. prop. of economically active population. Rate: a type of ratio expressing the number of events occurring within a defined time period divided by the population expose to the risk of events: e.g. infant mortality rate, age-specific fertility rate, crude birth rate.

8. What is an indicator Mean/median: a kind of average value of the events: Mean is the mathematical average of a set of numbers. The average is calculated by adding up two or more scores and dividing the total by the number of scores. Median is the middle of a distribution: half the scores are above the median and half are below the median: e.g. median age, median salary.

9. How to develop census indicators Take into account: Basic results on the smallest geographical level considering national priorities and international comparability National and sub-national development programs (such as on woman status, labor force participation, education and health) Indicators determined (international and national) for monitoring and implementing specific projects in the country (MDGs indicators, sustainable development indicators, indicators on women status, etc)

10. How to develop census indicators Organization of work: Teamwork is necessary for well-designed census indicators Demographers and other subject-matter specialists should be involved in this process Collaboration with the related national organizations and principal users (e.g. ministries, state planning office, local authorities, private sector organizations…)

11. How to develop census indicators More importantly; Data quality, coverage should be checked before dissemination, for example by comparing to the results of other sources (household surveys/administrative registers) and/or previous censuses In case of coverage or quality problem, alternative methods (indirect techniques, some adjustment) can be used to estimate concerned indicators

12. Proposed indicators for CensusInfo The following guidance is intended to help countries in setting up their own national indicators Proposed census indicators formulated according to the core topics given in “United Nations Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Census, Rev 2.” Proposed indicators should be disseminated on regions, provinces, administrative units and by sex

13. Topics of CensusInfo • Population topics • Geographical characteristics • Internal migration characteristics • International migration characteristics • Household and family characteristics • Demographic and social characteristics • Fertility and mortality • Educational characteristics • Economic characteristics • Disability characteristics • Housing topics

14. Geographical characteristics Place of usual residence/place where present at time of census Population size (de jure/de facto) Urban population size (de jure/de facto) Rural population size (de jure/de facto) Annual population growth rate Population density Prop. of urban population Prop. of rural population

15. Internal migration characteristics • Place of birth • Population by place of birth • Prop. of population who were born outside the place of usual residence/geographical area (life-time migration) • Duration of residence • Population by duration of residence; less than 1 year, less than 5 years • Prop. of population by duration of residence in total population; less than 1 year, less than 5 years

16. Internal migration characteristics • Place of previous residence/ Place of residence at a specified date in the past (alternate core topics) • in-migrants, out-migrants, net-migrants, • in-migration rate, out-migration rate, net-migration rate In-migration rate: M.i /Pi * k Out-migration rate: Mi./Pi * k Net-migration rate: (M.i – Mi. )/Pi * k Where: M.i : total number of in-migrants for area i Mi.: total number of out-migrants for area i (M.i – Mi.): Net-migration for area i Pi : Population of area i k: constant, usually 100 or 1000

17. International migration characteristics • Country of birth • Number of foreign-born population • Prop. of foreign-born population in total population • Citizenship • Number of foreign population • Prop. of foreign population in total population • Year or period of arrival • Immigrated population by period of arrival; less than 1 year, less than 5 years • Prop. of immigrated population by period of arrival; less than 1 year, less than 5 years

18. Household and family characteristics • Size of household • Number of households • Average size of household • Household and family composition • Number of single person households • Number of nuclear households • Number of extended households • % of single person households • % of nuclear households • % of extended households

19. Demographic and social characteristics • Sex • Population by sex • Sex ratio (male/female); total, urban, rural • Age/age group • Population less than 1 year old, less than 5 years old and 5 years age groups from age 5 to 90 (5-9, 10-14, …, 85-89, 90+) • Prop. of population less than 1 year old, less than 5 years old and 5 years age groups from age 5 to 90 (5-9, 10-14, …, 85-89, 90+) • Median age: total, male, female • Age dependency ratio: total, child, elderly • the ratio of the combined child (0-14) and elderly (65+)population to the population of intermediate age(15-64). It can be given for child and elderly separately.

20. Demographic and social characteristics • Marital status • Single population • Married population • Widowed population • Divorced population • For selected age groups (e.g. -15, 15-19, .., 75+) by sex • Prop. of single population • Prop. of married population • Prop. of widowed population • Prop. of divorced population • For selected age groups (e.g. -15, 15-19, .., 75+) by sex

21. Fertility and mortality • Children ever born alive • Average number of children ever born for females aged less than 15 • Average number of children ever born for females aged less than 20 • Average number of children ever born for females at age group 45-49 (completed fertility) • Births in the past 12 months • Total number of births: in the last year before the census day • Crude birth rate • Total fertility rate • Age-specific fertility rate for specific age groups (less than age 20, for age group 40-44/45-49) • Sex ratio at birth

22. Fertility and mortality • Infant and child deaths in the past 12 months • Number of infant deaths by sex • Number of children (age less than five) deaths by sex • Infant mortality rates by sex (MDG) • Child mortality rates by sex • Household deaths in the past 12 months • Total number of deaths by sex • Crude death rates by sex • Life expectancy at birth by sex

23. Educational characteristics • Literacy • Literate population for aged 15 and over by sex • Literate population for 15-24 age group by sex • Adult literacy rate (aged 15 and over) by sex • Literacy rate for 15-24 age group by sex (MDG) • Ratio of literate women to men for 15-24 age group (MDG)

24. Educational characteristics • School attendance • Number of students in primary school by sex • Number of students in secondary school by sex • Gross enrolment ratio for primary school by sex • Gross enrolment ratio for secondary school by sex • Net enrolment ratio for primary school by sex • Net enrolment ratio for secondary school by sex • Gross enrolment ratio is calculated for all students, regardless of age, for a given level of education as a percentage of the total population in the official school-age. • Net enrolment ratio is calculated for the students in the official school-age for a given level of education as a percentage of the total population in official school-age.

25. Educational characteristics • Educational attainment • Population never attended school for age 15 and over by sex • Population graduated from primary schools for age 15 and over by sex • Population graduated from secondary school for age 15 and over by sex • Population graduated from university for age 15 and over by sex • Prop. of population never attended school for age 15 and over by sex • Prop. of population graduated from primary schools for age 15 and over by sex • Prop. of population graduated from secondary school for age 15 and over by sex • Prop. of population graduated from university (tertiary education) for age 15 and over by sex

26. Economic characteristics • Activity status and Unemployment • Economically active population for age group 15–64 by sex • Prop. of economically active population for age group 15-64 in same age group by sex • Unemployed population for age group 15-64 by sex • Unemployment rate for age group 15-64 by sex • Unemployed young population for age group 15-24 by sex • Unemployment rate for young population for age group 15-24 by sex (MDG)

27. Economic characteristics • Occupation • Employed population by occupation (ISCO Level 1) and sex • % of employed population by occupation (ISCO Level 1) and sex • Industry • Employed population by industry ( ISIC Level 1) and sex • % of employed population by industry ( ISIC Level 1) and sex • Share of women in wage employment in non-agricultural sector (MDG)

28. Economic characteristics • Status in employment • Number of employees by sex • Number of employers by sex • Number of own-account workers by sex • Number of contributing family workers by sex • % of employees by sex • % of employers by sex • % of own-account workers by sex • % of contributing family workers by sex

29. Disability characteristics • Population with disabilities • Prop. of population with disabilities • Population with walking disability • Population with seeing disability • Population with hearing disability • Population with cognition disability • Prop. of population with walking disability in total population • Prop. of population with seeing disability in total population • Prop. of population with hearing disability in total population • Prop. of population with cognition disability in total population

30. Disability characteristics • Population with disabilities by age groups (0-14, 15-64, 65+) • Prop. of population with disabilities at age group (0-14) in total population of (0-14) • Prop. of population with disabilities at age group (15-64) in total population (15-64) • Prop. of population with disabilities at age group (65+) in total population (65+)

31. Housing topics • Type of living quarters (MDG) • Number of conventional dwellings • Number of other types of housing unit • Number of collective living quarters • Prop. of conventional dwellings in total living quarters • Prop. of other types of housing unit in total living quarters • Prop. of collective living quarters in total living quarters • Prop of population living in conventional dwellings • Prop. of population living in other types of housing unit • Prop of population living in collective quarters

32. Housing topics • Occupancy status • Number of occupied dwellings • Number of vacant dwellings • Prop. of occupied dwellings in total dwellings • Prop. of vacant dwellings in total dwellings • Type of Ownership • Number of owner-occupied housing units • Prop. of owner-occupied housing units in total housing units • Rooms • Average number of rooms: total, urban, rural

33. Housing topics • Water Supply System • Number of housing units with piped water inside the unit from the community scheme • Number of housing units with piped water inside the unit from an individual source • Number of housing units with no piped water • Prop. of housing units with piped water inside the unit from the community scheme in total housing units • Prop. of housing units with piped water inside the unit from an individual source in total housing units • Prop. of housing units with no piped water in total housing units • Prop. of population using piped water inside the unit from the community scheme in total housing units • Prop. population using piped water inside the unit from an individual source in total housing units • Prop. population with no piped water in total housing units

34. Housing topics • Main source of drinking water (MDG) • Number of housing units with sustainable access to safe drinking water • Population with access to safe drinking water • Pro. of housing units with sustainable access to safe drinking water • Prop. of population with access to safe drinking water Sustainable access to safe drinking water: defined as piped water, public tap, borehole, protected dug well, protected spring, properly collected rainwater and bottled water.

35. Housing topics • Type of Toilet • Number of housing units with toilet within housing unit • Prop. of housing units with toilet within housing unit in total housing units • Sewage disposal (MDG) • Number of housing units with improved sanitation facility • Prop. of housing units with improved sanitation facility in total housing units • Population using improved sanitation facility • Prop. of population using improved sanitation facility Improved sanitation facility:defined as a piped system connected to a public sewage disposal plant and a piped system connected to an individual sewage disposal system (septic tank, cesspool)

36. Housing topics • Bathing Facilities • Number of housing units with fixed bath or shower within the housing unit • Prop.of housing units with fixed bath or shower within the housing unit in total housing units • Availability of kitchen • Number of housing units with kitchen or kitchenette within housing unit • Prop. of housing units with kitchen or kitchenette within housing unit in total housing units

37. Housing topics • Fuel used for cooking (MDG) • Number of housing units with solid fuels (coal, firewood, charcoal, animal dung, crop residues, etc.) for cooking • Prop. of housing units with solid fuels for cooking • Population using solid fuels for cooking • Prop. of population using solid fuels for cooking • Type of lighting • Number of housing units with electricity for lighting • Prop. of housing units with electricity for lighting • Population using electricity for lighting • Prop. of population using electricity for lighting • Main type of solid waste disposal • Number of housing units with solid waste collected by authorities • Pro. of housing units with solid waste collected by authorities

38. Metadata for the indicators • Metadata includes descriptive information about the context, definition, quality and condition, or characteristics of the data/indicators • Possible components for census indicators: • Definition • Data source • Method • Classification • Disaggregation • Comments and limitation

39. Metadata for infant and child mortality rate Metadata for infant and child mortality are given as example • Definition • Infant mortality rate is the probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of one. It is expressed as per thousand births. • Child mortality rate is the probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of five. It is expressed as per thousand births. • Data source : Data on number of infants and children died was derived from data collected by the question related household deaths in the past 12 months before the census day. Data on number of births was derived from data collected by the question on the date of last child born alive.

40. Metadata for infant and child mortality rate • Method: Number of infants and children deathswere directly taken from the household deaths. Number of births were estimated by the last live birth occurred in past 12 months before the census day multiply by the fraction for multiple births in a year. The fraction was calculated by using the data on birth history collected in Demographic and Health Survey. Infant mortality rate was calculated by number of infant deaths divided by total number of births in the same year and multiplied with 1000. Child mortality rate was calculated by number of child deaths divided by total number of births in the same year and multiplied by 1000. • Classification: Not applicable

41. Metadata for infant and child mortality rate • Disaggregation: Infant and child mortalityrates are given by the country as a whole, regions, provinces, municipalities, and urban-rural. • Comments and limitation: Analyses of data on household deaths showed that the deaths for old population (particularly age 65 and over) are under covered, therefore age distribution of total deaths and indicators related to general level of mortality are not disseminated. OR. Total number of deaths by age groups are estimated according to age-structure of Coale-Demeny model life tables (East model-level 22).

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