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UNIT 9- Circulatory, Respiratory and Endocrine Systems

UNIT 9- Circulatory, Respiratory and Endocrine Systems. Circulation. Circulatory System- System responsible for the transport of materials ex. oxygen, carbon dioxide, food, cellular wastes, etc. Circulatory System. Two types- Open-

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UNIT 9- Circulatory, Respiratory and Endocrine Systems

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  1. UNIT 9- Circulatory, Respiratory and Endocrine Systems

  2. Circulation • Circulatory System- • System responsible for the transport of materials • ex. oxygen, carbon dioxide, food, cellular wastes, etc

  3. Circulatory System • Two types- • Open- • blood is not always contained in blood vessels, ex. arthropods • Closed- • blood is always contained in vessels, ex. vertebrates

  4. Human Circulatory System • Consists of three parts • 1. Heart • 2. Blood vessels • 3. Blood

  5. Heart (p933, 934) • Heart • Pumps blood to all parts of the body • Chambers • atria/auricles- receiving chambers • ventricles- pumping chambers

  6. Heart • Valves • control the flow of blood, prevents back-flow • Pericardium • thin protective sac around the heart • Septum • Wall separating the right and left sides of heart • Prevents mixing of oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood

  7. Heartbeat (p 935) • Control • Sinoatrial Node (SA) (pacemaker)- • Group of cells that initiate the contraction of the heart. • Atrioventricular node (AV) • Stimulates contraction of ventricles

  8. Pulse (p935) • Two beats • Systole- • Occurs when ventricles contract • Diastole- • Occurs when ventricles relax • Average- 70 – 90 beats per minute for adults. (Quick Lab- p 934)

  9. Blood flow through heart • 1. Vena cavae  • 2.  • 3.  • 4.  • 5.  • 6.  • 7.  • 8.  • 9.  • 10.  • 11.  • 12.  • 13. Aorta  • 14. The body

  10. Blood flow through heart • 1. Vena cavae (a, g)  • 2. Right atrium (d)  • 3. Tricuspid valve (e) • 4. Right ventricle (f) • 5. Semilunar valves  • 6. Pulmonary arteries (b, i) • 7. Lungs  • 8. Pulmonary veins (c, j) • 9. Left atrium (h) • 10. Bicuspid valve (k) • 11. Left ventricle (l) • 12. Semilunar valves  • 13. Aorta (n) • 14. The body

  11. Blood Vessels • Arteries (p 936) • Vessels that carry blood away from the heart, usually oxygen rich, have a thicker layer of smooth muscle • (take pulse from artery measure of heart rate)

  12. Blood Vessels • Aorta • Largest artery in the body, carries blood directly from the heart • Arterioles • Very small arteries, lead to capillaries

  13. Blood Vessels • Capillaries • Smallest blood vessels • Very thin membrane walls • Actual exchange of materials occurs

  14. Blood Vessels • Veins (p 937) • Vessels that return blood to the heart • Thinner layer of smooth muscle • Some have valves • Venules • Very small veins

  15. Circulation (p 938) • Pulmonary • Carries blood between the heart and lungs • Only circulation where arteries carry oxygen poor blood and veins carry oxygen rich blood

  16. Circulation • Systemic • Carries blood between the heart and all parts of the body • Arteries carry oxygen rich blood • Veins carry oxygen poor blood

  17. Circulation • Coronary- heart • Renal- kidney • Hepatic portal- liver

  18. Blood Pressure • A measure of the force that blood exerts on a vessel wall • Two measurements- systolic/diastolic • Systolic- ventricle contraction • Diastolic- ventricle relaxation • Normal = 120/80

  19. Lymphatic System • A network of vessels that collects fluid (lymph) that is lost by the blood into tissues and returns it to the circulatory system

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