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INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES. G S Yadav PB-2. Bridges. A structure that is built over a river, road, or railway to allow people and vehicles to cross from one side to the other. No. of Railway bridges. As on 01.04.17. Over IR network, 36,470 (25.2 per cent) are over 100 year old
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INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES G S Yadav PB-2
Bridges A structure that is built over a river, road, or railway to allow people and vehicles to cross from one side to the other.
No. of Railway bridges As on 01.04.17 Over IR network, • 36,470 (25.2 per cent) are over 100 year old of which 6,680 bridges are over 140 year old. • 14,324 bridges are 81 to 100 year old, • 15,637 bridges are 61 to 80 year old. The balance 78,267 bridges are less than 60 years old.
MAIN ELEMENT OF BRIDGES 1) Superstructure • Track Structure • Girder • Bearing 2) Substructure • Bed Block • Training & Protective Works • Pier/Abutment/Wing Wall - Foundations Monolithic Bridge like Pipe Culvert, Box Culvert and Arch act like one unit.
ACCORDING TO FUNCTION 1)Track Bridge (for rail vehicle) • Over water bodies i.e River/ Nallah /Canal • Over Valley (viaduct) • Over Railway (Rail Fly-over) • Over Road (RUB) 2) Road Bridge (For Road Vehicle) • Over Railway (ROB)
3) Rail cum road bridge • Over river 4) Foot over Bridge (For pedestrian) • Over Railway (on platform for public) 5) Pipe Line Bridge - Over Railway
ACCORDING TO MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION OF SUPER STRUCTURE 1) Timber Bridge (now almost obsolete in India) 2) Masonry Arch – Stone & Brick • In lime Mortar & Cement Mortar respectively 3) Steel Bridge • Riveted Fabrication • Welded Fabrication _ HSFG bolted Fabrication 4) RCC Bridge 5) Pre-stressed Concrete Bridge 6) Composite (Steel + Concrete; RCC+PSC) Bridge
ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SUPERSTRUCTURE 1) Pipe Culvert 2) RCC Slab 3) Rail opening (Only on branch line) 4) Rail Cluster (Only on branch line) 5) RCC Box Culvert 6) Steel Plate Girder 7) Steel Open Web Girder 8) Arch Bridge
9) RCC/PSC ‘T” or “I” Beam Bridge 10) RCC/PSC Box Girder 11) Suspension Bridge 12) Cable Stayed Bridge 13) Bow String Bridge 14) Movable Bridge
MOVEABLE BRIDGES : • Swing Bridge • Bascule Bridge • Lifting Bridge
ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF FLOOR SYSTEMS 1) Deck Type – (Track Structure on Top Flange or Chord) 2) Through Type (Track structure Floor System Connected to Bottom Chord Panel) 3) Semi Through Type (Track Structure Floor System Connected to Web and no top Bracings)
Bogibeel Rail-Cum-Road Bridge( Longest Rail cum Road Bridge in India ) First Fully welded Bridge on IR Length – 4.9 km
Chenab Bridge (Highest Railway Bridge in World) Height above river bed – 359m Longest Span - 467 m
AnjiKhad Bridge ( First Cable Stayed Mega Bridge In India) Longest span 290m
ACCORDING TO STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERSTRUCTURE 1) Simply supported 2) Continuous 3) Cantilever 4) Balanced Cantilever 5) Cable Stayed 6) Suspension 7) Rigid Frame.
ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SERVICE 1) Permanent 2) Temporary • Restricted Head Girder (RH Girder) • Callender-Hamilton Bridge • Pantoon Bridge
ACCORDING TO METHOD OF CONNECTION (STEEL GIRDER) 1) Riveted 2) Welded 3) Bolted
ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF DECKING WITH REFERENCE TO HFL 1) High Level bridge 2) Causeway or Irish Bridge 3) Siphon Bridge
ACCORDING TO SPAN OR OPENING 1) Minor Bridge • Individual span < 12 m & Total Linear Waterway < 18 m 2) Major Bridge • Individual span >12 m or Total Linear Waterway> 18 m 3) Important Bridges – • Total Linear waterway 300 m or • Total Waterway 1000 m2 or • Those classified as ‘IMPORTANT BY CE/CBE due to their depth of Water Way, Extent of River Training Works & Past History Maintenance Problem.
ACCORDING TO RAILWAY GAUGE 1) Broad Gauge (BG – 1676 MM) 2) Metre Gauge (MG – 1000 MM) 3) Narrow Gauge (NG – 762 MM)
ACCORDING TO LOADING STANDARD 1) Broad Gauge • BGML (Main Line)- 1926 • RBG – 1975 (Revised Broad Gauge) • MBG – 1987 (Modified Broad Gauge) • HMLS-1995 (Heavy Mineral Loading Standard) • 25 T loading • DFC loading 2) Meter Gauge • MGML (Main Line) • MMG – 1988 (Modified Meter Gauge)
MAIN ELEMENT OF BRIDGE 1) Superstructure • Track Structure • Girder • Bearing 2) Substructure • Bed Block • Pier/Abutment/Wing Wall • Foundations • Training & Protective Works Monolithic Bridge Like Pipe Culvert, Box Culvert and Arch Act like one unit.