Dictatorship

2. Dictatorship

3. Why dictatorships in modern societies?

4. A Few Theories • Crisis Theory • Dictatorships arise via a crisis • Examples? • Great Man Theory (reference Thomas Carlyle) • “great men” lead • Nietzsche writes that: "...the goal of humanity lies in its highest specimens“ • Übermensch (German for…?) • Examples? …the genesis of a great man … Before he can remake his society, his society must make him. ” —-Herbert Spencer, The Study of Sociology (1873) Does Spencer agree with the Great Man Theory?

5. Four Techniques of Authoritarian Rule • Authoritarian means: power concentrated in few hands

6. 1. Use of Force: • Terror, violence, secret police and military support • Those who dissent are eliminated • Examples?

7. 2. Indoctrination • Media popularizes leader’s viewpoints • Education controlled • Youth groups • Propaganda • Examples?

8. 3. Controlled Participation • People are involved in activities like elections and referendums to show support for government • Symbolic • Examples?

9. 4. Direction of Popular Discontent • Deflect blame on other groups • Internal or external • Examples?

10. Types of non-democratic systems • Note: Sometimes an authoritarian government can fit more than one category

11. Absolute Monarchy • Ruling family • tradition, religion, Divine right to rule Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy, although, the Quran is supposed to be the country's constitution.

12. One-Person Autocratic Rule • Not hereditary • Regime maintained by force Suharto ->

13. Oligarchy • Rule of an elite • Ethnic, social, professional groups Duvalier regime in Haiti-> Controlled Participation Example: In 1961 he had a vote to extend his rule to 1967, the official tally was 1,320,748 votes to zero.

14. Military Dictatorship • Most common form • Military personnel control political positions • Junta-military council • State of emergency often the basis for regime • Burma

15. Minority Tyranny • Minority has full political rights • i.e.. South Africa under apartheid system #2 Click to play (6 mins) #1 Click to play (6 mins)

16. 20th Century Biographies Dictators (18 mins) Click to play

17. Totalitarianism • Distinguished from authoritarianism • Attempts to control all aspects of life and society

18. Key features of Totalitarianism • Official ideology • A single mass political party • Secret police • Mass media strictly controlled • Weapons strictly controlled • Economy is controlled

19. Models of Totalitarianism • Communism • Fascism

20. Stalin Example Manipulation of photos

21. Non-Democratic Systems Pros and Cons

22. Positives • Stability • Rapid decisions possible • Social order • Resource management possible

23. Negatives • Lack of legitimacy • Inefficiency and bureaucracy • Corruption unchecked • Apathy and cynicism • Power struggles • Elitism • Persecution

24. Dictatorship Today The lightest countries get a perfect score of 10 (democratic), while the darkest countries (Saudi Arabia and Qatar), considered the least democratic, score −10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polity_data_series_map_2003.png

25. China and Tibet • Tibet was occupied by China in 1951 • A struggle for independence has been ongoing since that time. • 2012-Self-immolation protests • Warning, graphic video ahead

26. Self immolation- Tibet • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sa_9mxYAxy4 • 5 mins