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Jim McCambridge LSHTM SSA in York, 11 th November 2011

RCT of the effectiveness of electronic mail based alcohol intervention with university students: dismantling the assessment and feedback components. Jim McCambridge LSHTM SSA in York, 11 th November 2011. Co-authors Preben Bendtsen (PI),

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Jim McCambridge LSHTM SSA in York, 11 th November 2011

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  1. RCT of the effectiveness of electronic mail based alcohol intervention with university students: dismantling the assessment and feedback components Jim McCambridge LSHTM SSA in York, 11th November 2011

  2. Co-authors • Preben Bendtsen (PI), Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University Sweden. • Marcus Bendtsen, Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University. • Per Nilsen Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University Sweden. Funding by FAS

  3. Aim • The study aim was to prepare to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief online intervention, employing a randomized controlled trial design that takes account of baseline assessment reactivity and other possible effects of the research process Unusually large pilot study for main trial - AMADEUS-1

  4. Study population & context • All 5227 freshmen at Linköping University, Sweden • Randomisation into three groups based upon official university e-mail adresses • The e-SBI had earlier been introduced as routine practice by the student health care center

  5. Design • The study was a three arm parallel groups trial in which routine provision of e-SBI (Group 1) was compared with assessment only (Group 2) and a no contact control (Group 3) study conditions • Groups 1 and 2 completed identical assessments, the sole difference between them being that the latter received normative feedback as usual whereas the former did not • Group 3 was only contacted after 2 months, at which time both Groups 1 and 2 also completed outcome data collection

  6. Mail addresses on all freshmen retrieved from the Universities official register Randomisation Assessment & feedback n=1742 Receiving a mail from the student health care offering them to test their alcohol habits by clicking on an enclosed link. After answering the screening questions they received personalized normative and other feedback. Assessment only n=1742 Receiving a mail from the student health care offering them to test their alcohol habits by clicking on an enclosed link. After answering the screening questions they were thanked for their participation and given a link to a commonly used internet alcohol site. No contact n=1743 No contact was made with this group. The students on this group were unaware that they were part of a study as were the other two groups. Follow-up (after 2 months) n=5227 All three groups were invited in a mail by the principal research leader to participate in an apparently unrelated alcohol survey among University students. The mail contained a link to the 10 item AUDIT. After answering the questions all students received short feedback based upon the individual score.

  7. Blinding • Groups 1 and 2 were unaware that they are participating in a research study when they responded to the initial e-mails Both groups expect that these e-mails are provided as routine practice by the student health care centres to help students think about their drinking • At follow-up, no explanation of the true nature of the study was given to students - instead they are invited to participate in a seemingly unrelated alcohol survey

  8. The mail

  9. Weekly consumption

  10. Outcomes • Outcomes were evaluated after 2 months among the student population a whole including the no contact control group (ITT analyses – universal prevention) • Outcomes were also evaluated among those who at baseline were risky drinkers (Per-Protocol analyses – targeted prevention, Groups 1 & 2 only)

  11. Attrition Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 ______________________________________________________ Numbers (%) 697 (40%) 737 (42.3%) 902 (51.7%) ITT total n=2336 (44.7% of all randomised) Numbers (%) 201 (57.4%) 207 (54.9 %) ----- PP total n=408 (56.1% of baseline risky drinkers) ______________________________________________________

  12. ITT analyses Including all who responded at follow-up, irrespective of drinking status & earlier particiaption _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 n=697 n=737 n=902 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total AUDIT score (mean, SD) 7.3 (5.9) 6.9 (5.5) 7.3 (5.9) AUDIT score ≥ 8/6 (n, %) 354 (50.8%) 364 (49.4%) 454 (50.3%) AUDIT problem score (mean, SD) 1.8 (2.7) 1.6 (2.4) 1.8 (2.6) AUDIT dependence score (mean,SD) 0.8 (1.4) 0.7 (1.2) 0.8 (1.4) Mean weekly consumption in g/week (median) 79.8 (48.0) 79.7 (48.0) 86.0 (48.0) Frequency of monthly HED Never 171 (24.5%) 189 (25.6%) 244 (27.1%) Less than monthly 158 (22.7%) 171 (23.2%) 196 (21.7%) Monthly 249 (35.7%) 238 (32.3%) 288 (31.9%) Weekly 117 (16.8%) 138 (18.7%) 173 (19.2%) Daily or almost daily 2 (0.3%) 1 (0.1%) 1 (0.1%) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  13. Per-Protocol analyses ______________________________________________________________________ Group 1 Group 2 p-value   (n=201) (n=207) _______________________________________________________________________ Total AUDIT score (mean, SD) 11.6 (5.8) 11.0 (4.9) 0.52 Average weekly consumption (g) at follow-up,mean (median) 131.4 (108.0) 143.3 (108.0) 0.22 Absolute change in average weekly consumption,(g) between baseline and follow up, -4.5 (-12.0) +9.9 (0.0) 0.06 mean (median) Relative change (%) in average weekly consumption, between baseline and follow up, -8.3 (-14.3) 20.8 (0.0) 0.03 mean (median)

  14. Conclusions • Per-protocol analyses limited by overall attrition • Possible modest evidence of benefit of feedback in targeted prevention per-protocol analyses • No evidence of universal prevention effectiveness in ITT analyses • No differences between any of 3 groups in these analyses • Differential attrition in Group 3 – caused by earlier e-mail contact - compromises ITT analsyes & hypothesis testing

  15. AMADEUS-1 trial • Larger study with >15,000 participants from two Universities under way now • 3 alcohol questions (adapted AUDIT-C) for follow-up purposes are embedded in brief general health survey • 4 hypotheses, 1 PP - for main analysis of specific effect of feedback, 3 ITT – for e-SBI effectiveness & assessment only effects

  16. Thank you for listening

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