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Islam in Southeast Asia. Islam and India. · India- historically had absorbed invaders (partly b/c of superiority of culture). Inability of India’s rulers to unite against aggressors meant periodic disruptions- now India faces a culture as great as its own and a new religion opposite of its own
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Islam and India • ·India- historically had absorbed invaders (partly b/c of superiority of culture). Inability of India’s rulers to unite against aggressors meant periodic disruptions- now India faces a culture as great as its own and a new religion opposite of its own • ·Warriors, traders, Sufi mystics, etc. brought Islam to India • ·Some interaction okay but often there was conflict • ·711- 17 year old Muhammad ibn Qasim led campaign and declared the region and the Indus valley provinces of the Umayyad Empire (following an attack from pirates sailing from Sind) • ·Arabs learn Indian scientific and math learning (esp. numerals) and adapt some architectural styles • ·2nd wave of Muslim invasions • oMahmud of Ghazni- 962 seized Afghanistan and began two centuries of raiding northern India • oMuhammad of Ghur – string of victories brought the Indus valley and northern India under its control
Delhi Sultanate • §Converts won easily- Sufi mystics helped , Buddhists made up majority of converts followed by lower-caste groups and untouchables- also intermarriage • § Generally peaceful exchange and coexistence- Hindus convinced that the Muslims would be absorbed- Hindu disdain for invaders- remained socially aloof from invaders- unfortunate consequences for women • § Hindus found Islam impossible to absorb- reverted back to devotional cults of gods and goddesses • § Some mystics minimized the differences in religions but could only attract a small following • § Despite some success at conversion, a majority of the Indian subcontinent was never converted
Islam in Southeast Asia • ·Historically the islands in SE Asia a neutral ground b/c of trade • · From 8th century onward, coastal Indian trade increasingly came under the Muslim control • · 13th century- collapse of the trading empire of Shrivijaya- opened the way for the Muslims to take control • · Peaceful contacts and voluntary conversion more important in spreading faith- here trading contacts paved way for conversion • · Malacca and Demak- cities to convert • · B/c Sufi mystics played huge role- Islam here often infused with Hindu, Buddhist, animist beliefs and rituals • Pre-Muslim rituals retained in many areas- women retained strong position
