Diversity for Non-Clinical Staff

1. Diversityfor Non-Clinical Staff CE-Classes.com We make staff training requirements easy and affordable TM DiDona, PhD

2. Learning Objectives • This course will provide the learner with information regarding cultural competence. A professional will: • Identify cultural awareness and the benefits of cultural competence. • Describe differences in communications across several cultural identities. • Recognize how the RESPECT mnemonic can be used to reinforce culturally responsive attitudes and behaviors.

3. Cultural Competency Why it is Important? • It can improve: • Your relationships with others • Your effectiveness in your job • Your ability to get things done • And when these things happen • Your own life is happier and richer

4. Cultural Competency Why it is Important? • It can also improve • client engagement in services • treatment retention and outcomes. • It is an essential ingredient in your agency’s success with clients.

5. Cultural Competency Why it is Important? Improves an organization’s sustainability by reinforcing the values of diversity, flexibility, and responsiveness in addressing the current and changing needs of clients.

6. What is Culture Culture is a conceptual system developed by a community to structure the way people view the world.

7. What is Culture • Culture involves: • A set of beliefs • Norms and • Values . . . • That influence ideas about relationships, how people live and organize their world

8. What is Culture It is not a obvious entity to which people belong or do not belong. Within a nation, race, ethnic group or community people belong to multiple cultural groups.

9. What is Culture The word “culture” is sometimes applied to groups formed on the basis of age, socioeconomic status, disability, sexual orientation, common interest or proximity.

10. What is Culture Every individual embraces their culture(s) in a unique way and there is considerable diversity within and across races, ethnicities and cultural heritage.

11. What is Race Race is often referred to as a biological category based on genetic traits like skin color. However, there are no reliable means of identifying race through biological criteria.

12. What is Race Race – when defined as a social construct to describe people with shared physical characteristics – has tremendous social significance.

13. Race vs Ethnicity Ethnicity is often used interchangeably with race – but they are not the same constructs. Ethnicity implies a sense of belonging and is generally based on shared values, beliefs and origins – not physical characteristics.

14. Cultural Identity Is the affiliation or identification with a particular group or groups. It reflects the values, norms and world view of the larger culture – but is defined by more than these factors.

15. Cultural Identity Includes individual traits and attributes shaped by race, ethnicity, language, religion, life experiences, historical events, acculturation and more.

16. Cultural Competency Is an ongoing process – not a singular event. Begins with cultural awareness of one’s own culture. Next, one must cultivate a willingness to acquire knowledge of the cultures of others.

17. Cultural Awareness People who are aware of their own cultural backgrounds are more likely to acknowledge and explore other cultures and how culture affects their relationships.

18. Cultural Awareness • Lack of awareness can discount the importance of how your own cultural background (including beliefs, values, and attitudes) influence your • Initial impressions • Interactions and • Effectiveness with others

19. Cultural Awareness Without cultural awareness, you can unwittingly use your own cultural experiences as a template to prejudge and assess the experiences and intentions of others.

20. How Do You Identify Yourself • Cultural competency begins with identifying your own cultural perspective. • How do you describe yourself and which of these do you most heavily identify with: • Race • Ethnicity • Language • Gender • Sexual orientation • Religion • Political affiliations • Education • Socioeconomic status • and more

21. Cultural Awareness • How do these factors: • Impact your interpersonal relationships? • Influence your choices? • Shape your beliefs and attitudes? • Effect your values? • Color your world view?

22. Cultural Differences • You should avoid assuming that another person has particular • Expectations • Belief systems • Nonverbal and verbal communication • Values, etc. • Based solely on their race, ethnicity, or cultural heritage.

23. Hispanics & Latinos Hispanic - literally meaning people from Spain or its former colonies Latino - refers to persons from countries ranging from Mexico to Central & South America and the Caribbean that were colonized by Spain & Portugal “Latina” refers to a woman of Latino descent.

24. Hispanics as a Group Latinos are an ethnic rather than a racial group. Latinos can be of any race. According to the US Census Bureau, Hispanics are the fastest growing ethnic group (as of 2017 - 18.1% of the total US population).

25. Cultural Differences in Communication • The following are some examples of general differences among cultural groups: • Individuals from many White/European cultural groups can be uncomfortable with extended silences and may believe that they indicate that nothing is being accomplished (Franks et al. 2000),

26. Cultural Differences in Communication • Whereas Native Americans, who often place great emphasis on the value of listening, can find extended silences appropriate for gathering thoughts or showing that they are open to another’s words (Coyhis, 2005).

27. Cultural Differences in Communication • Latinos often value personalismo (i.e., warm, genuine communication) in interpersonal relations and value personal rapport in business dealings; • They prefer personal relationships to formal ones (Barón, 2000).

28. Cultural Differences in Communication • Many Latinos also initially engage in plática (small talk) to evaluate the relationship and often use it prior to disclosing more personal information or addressing serious issues (Comas-Diaz, 2012).

29. Cultural Differences in Communication • Asian Americans can be put off by a communication style that is very personal or emotional, and some may lack confidence in a professional whose communication style is too personal (Lee and Mock 2005a).

30. Cultural Differences in Communication Some cultural groups are more comfortable with a high degree of verbal confrontation and argument; Others stress balance and harmony in relationships and shun confrontation.

31. Cultural Differences in Communication • For some, forceful, direct communication can seem rude or disrespectful. • In many Native American and Latino cultural groups, cooperation and agreeableness (simpatía) is valued. • Members often avoid disagreement, contradiction, and disharmony within the group (Sue and Sue 2013a).

32. Gender Roles Gender roles are largely cultural constructs; diverse cultural groups have different understandings of the proper roles, attitudes, and behaviors for men and women.

33. Gender Roles After controlling for income and education, African American women are less accepting than White American women of traditional American gender stereotypes regarding public behavior but more accepting of traditional domestic gender roles (Haynes 2010).

34. Gender Roles In Latino cultural groups, importance is placed on machismo (the belief that men must be strong and protect their families), caballerismo (men’s emotional connectedness), and marianismo (the idea that women should be self-sacrificing, endure suffering for the sake of their families, and defer to their husbands) (Arciniega et al. 2008).

35. Gender Roles These strong gender roles have benefits in Latino culture, such as Simplifying and clarifying roles and responsibilities, but they are also Sources of potential problems, such as limiting help-seeking behavior or the identification of difficulties.

36. Gender Roles For example, because of the need to appear in control, a Latino man can have difficulty admitting that he is experiencing psychological distress (Castro et al. 1999a). For Latinas, the difficulties of negotiating traditional gender roles while encountering new values through acculturation can lead to increased substance use/abuse and mental distress (Mora 2002)

37. Beliefs about Treatment In general, Latino attitudes toward health care are shaped by a lack of access to regular quality care, including inability to afford it (Rogers 2010). DeNavas-Walt et al. (2006) found that Latinos are less likely to have health insurance than either non-Latino White Americans or African Americans.

38. Beliefs about Treatment • Factors that influence the use of medical services for Hispanics, include: • Cultural health beliefs, • Demographic barriers, • Level of acculturation, • English proficiency, • Accessibility of service providers, and • Flexibility of intake procedures;

39. Beliefs about Treatment Lack of knowledge about available services can be a major obstacle for Hispanics and African Americans. Many Latinos only seek medical care for serious illnesses

40. Cultural Competence How do we demonstrate to others that we are sensitive to their cultural, beliefs and values?

41. RESPECT The RESPECT mnemonic can be used to reinforce culturally responsive attitudes and behaviors.

42. RESPECT • Respect • Explanatory model • Sociocultural context • Power • Empathy • Concerns and fears • Therapeutic Alliance / trust

43. RESPECT • Respect—Understand how respect is shown within given cultural groups. • You can demonstrate this attitude through verbal and nonverbal communications.

44. RESPECT • Explanatory model—Devote time to understanding how others perceive things and their problems. • What are their views about their own life, relationships, needs or problems? • How similar or different is your perspective?

45. RESPECT • Sociocultural context • Recognize how class, race, ethnicity, gender, education, socioeconomic status, sexual and gender orientation, immigrant status, community, family, gender roles, and so forth affect their lives.

46. RESPECT Power—Acknowledge the power differential between people – especially when you are in a position of power.

47. RESPECT Empathy—caring concern for another person - express this verbally and nonverbally - so that the other person feels understood.

48. RESPECT • Concerns and fears—Elicit the other person’s concerns and apprehensions. • This is especially important when help-seeking behavior occurs – for example at the initiation of treatment.

49. RESPECT Therapeutic Alliance/Trust—Commit to behaviors that enhance relationships; recognize that trust is not inherent but must be earned.

50. Cultural Competency Is an ongoing process. Begins with cultural awareness of one’s own culture. Remember to ask others questions about their beliefs and values. Enjoy the process of learning. You are very likely to be happier yourself when you accept others.