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Lesson XLIII

Lesson XLIII. Participles as Clauses. Participles: Déjà vu!. Participles: Verbal Adjectives. A participle is a form of a verb that is used as an adjective. The past (i.e. perfect) participle in English usually ends in - ed. e.g. carried; worried; finished

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Lesson XLIII

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  1. Lesson XLIII Participles as Clauses

  2. Participles: Déjà vu!

  3. Participles: Verbal Adjectives A participle is a form of a verb that is used as an adjective. The past (i.e. perfect) participle in English usually ends in -ed. e.g. carried; worried; finished With some English verbs the past participle is irregular e.g. shown, told, said, done

  4. Participles: Verbal Adjectives The fourth principal part of a Latin verb is known as the perfect passive participle. Latin participles usually end in -tus(portātus; carried, havingbeencarried) or -sus(missus; sent, having been sent)

  5. Participles: Verbal Adjectives Since it is an adjective the participle agrees with a noun or pronoun in case, gender, and number. Caesar legit litterāsreceptās. Caesar reads the recovered letter. LitteraereceptaeabCaesareleguntur. The recovered letter is read by Caesar.

  6. Participles: Verbal Adjectives • the captured town • the terrified men • the read books oppidumcaptum virīterritī librīlectī

  7. Participles: Verbal Adjectives • the prepared meal • the waged wars • the written letters cenaparāta bellagesta litteraescriptae

  8. Participles can sound awkward! Sometimes the “-ed” or “having been –ed” translation sounds stilted or awkward SO…we should add in extra English words to express the participle, based on how they are being used in the sentence.

  9. Relative relationship between participle and sentence Pecūniamamissaminvēnit. Literal: He found the lost money/He found the having been lost money. Clause: He found the money which was lost.

  10. Temporal relationship between participle and sentence Convocātīpuerī verba magistrīaudiunt. Literal: The called together boys hear the teacher’s words. Clause: After they were called together, the boys hear the teacher’s words.

  11. Temporal relationship between participle and sentence Librumlēctumtibidābō. Literal: I will give you the read book/I will give you the having been read book. Clause: I will give you the book after it has been read.

  12. Causal relationship between participle and sentence Territīnōnprocessērunt. Literal: Having been terrified, they did not proceed/Terrified, they did not proceed. Clause: Because/Since they were terrified, they did not proceed.

  13. Adversative relationship between participle and sentence Territīnōnfūgērunt. Literal: Having been terrified, they did not flee/Terrified, they did not flee. Clause: Although they were terrified, they did not flee.

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