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Taxonomy: Classifying Organisms based on Physical Similarities

Explore the science of taxonomy and the classification system developed by Carolus Linnaeus in the 1750s. Learn about the seven taxonomic levels, the importance of scientific names, and the limitations of the Linnaean classification system. Discover how genetic similarities provide a more accurate understanding of evolutionary relationships.

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Taxonomy: Classifying Organisms based on Physical Similarities

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Organisms can be classified based on physical similarities.

  2. Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeusdeveloped the scientific naming system (1750’s) still used today. • Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms into seven groups or levels called taxon. • plural- taxa White oak:Quercus alba

  3. Each level is included in the level above it. • Levels get increasingly specific from kingdom to species.

  4. Latin and italics • First part -the genus name, capitalized • Second part – the species descriptor, lower case, never written alone • Binomial nomenclature - a two-part scientific naming system. Homo sapien (wise man)

  5. A genus includes one or more physically similar species. Tyto alba

  6. Scientific names help scientists to communicate. • Some species have very similar common names. • Some species have many common names.

  7. The Linnaean classification system has limitations. • Did not include Domains • Linnaeus taxonomy doesn’t account for molecular evidence, based only on physical similarities • Modern the technology did not exist- DNA and Gene sequencing, protein analysis, radiometric dating, relative dating (fossil record).

  8. Physical similarities are not always the result of close relationships. • Genetic similarities more accurately show evolutionary relationships.

  9. man

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