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Aquinas on Daring

Discover the distinctions between fear, hope, daring, despair, and fortitude according to Aquinas. Explore their origins, motivations, and effects on human behavior.

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Aquinas on Daring

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  1. Aquinas on Daring Dr. Green

  2. Aquinas • How are the following distinguished? • Fear • Hope • Daring • Despair • Fortitude

  3. Aquinas • Aspects of Movements • That which is being moved • The manner of movement of that which is being moved • That which gives rise to the motion • That toward which the motion is tending

  4. Aquinas • Passions are movements • Subject is the individual or individuals experiencing the passion • Mental aspect • Physical aspect • Type of motion • Generation is movement toward being—approach • Corruption is movement away from being—avoidance

  5. Aquinas • Origin • Sensation • Reason • Termini or Goal • Good • Evil

  6. Aquinas • Fear and daring differ in the type of motion • Fear is avoidance • “fear turns away from the future hurt, on account of its victory over him that fears it” • Daring is approach • “whereas daring turns on threatened danger because of its own victory over that same danger”

  7. Aquinas • Fear and hope differ in respect to that toward which they are directed • Fear is directed toward some evil • Hope is directed toward some good

  8. Aquinas • Despair differs from hope in respect to avoidance and approach • Despair arises from being deprived of a good • Hope arises from the approach of a good

  9. Aquinas • Hope and daring differ in respect to their termini • pursuit of good belongs to hope • the pursuit of the fearful evil belongs to daring

  10. Aquinas • Fear and despair differ in their termini • avoidance of evil belongs to fear • the avoidance of good belongs to despair

  11. Aquinas • Daring and fortitude differ in their origin • Fortitude are ones who face danger according to the judgment of reason

  12. Aquinas • Daring • Implies safety • Comes from hope • Hope leads to daring only when it is strong • What are the degrees of hope? • “Hope that leads to daring is roused by those things that make us reckon victory as possible.”

  13. Aquinas • Origin of daring • whatever is naturally apt to cause hope • wherefore whatever is naturally apt to banish fear

  14. Aquinas • Hope arising from our own power, • as bodily strength, • experience of dangers • abundance of wealth • Hope arising from the powers of others • having a great number of friends or any other means of help • Divine assistance

  15. Aquinas • Fear is banished by removing of threatening causes of fear: • by the fact that a man has not enemies, • through not having harmed anyone • by inexperience

  16. “The inexperienced do not know their own failings, nor the dangers that threaten”

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