I. S. CHANG Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

1. Nuclear Power in Korea Current Status & Future I. S. CHANG Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

2. Changes in Korean Population and Electricity Consumption From ‘Morning Calm’ Country to ‘Morning Rush’ Country

3. Historical development 1957 Joining the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) 1959 Start construction of 1st Research Reactor (TRIGA Mark-II) (completed in 1962) 1971 Start construction of 1st NPP, Kori #1 1977 Start construction of 2nd NPP, Kori #2 (PWR 650MW) and 3rd NPP, Wolsong #1 (PHWR, 679MW) 1978 Commercial operation of 1st NPP, Kori #1 1983 Commercial operation of 2nd NPP(Kori #2) and 3rd NPP (Wolsong #1) 1995 Exceed 500 Billion KWh of Nuclear Power Generation (9 NPPs in Operation) 1997 Exceed 10,000 MW of Nuclear Installed Capacity (12 NPPs in Operation) 2004 18 NPPs in operation • Korea is the 6th largest nuclear power country in the world

4. Nuclear Power Plants in Korea • Seoul • Ulchin (#1,2,3,4,5,6) • Wolsong (#1,2,3,4) • Shin-Wolsong(#1,2) • Kori (#1,2,3,4) • Shin-Kori(#1,2,3,4) Yonggwang (#1,2,3,4,5,6)

5. Nuclear power plant introduction 25 20 Nuclear Genstalled Capacity (GWe) 15 10 5 ‘72 ‘ 74 ‘76 ‘78 ‘80 ‘82 ‘84 ‘86 ‘88 ‘90 ‘92 ‘94 ‘96 ‘98 ‘00 ‘02 ‘04 ‘06 ‘08 ‘10 ‘12 ’14 KNU 28 KNU 27 Shin Kori 4 Shin Kori 3 Planned Shin Wolsong 2 PWR Shin Wolsong 1 Shin Kori 2 PHWR Shin Kori 1 KSNP (Korea Standard Nuclear Power Plant) Under Construction Ulchin 6 APR1400 Ulchin 5 Yonggwang 6 Yonggwang 5 Wolsong 4 Wolsong 3 Ulchin 4 Standardization Ulchin 3 Wolsong 2 In Operation Yonggwang 4 Yonggwang 3 Ulchin 2 Ulchin 1 Component Base Yonggwang 2 Yonggwang 1 Kori 4 Kori 3 Wolsong 1 Turn-Key Kori 2 Kori 1

6. Status of Electric Power (2003) Installed Capacity Electricity Generation 15,716 3,877 6,886 129,672 26,427 4,631 2.1% 8.2% 39,083 6.9% 8.3% 28.0% 12.1% 40.2% 25.9% 28.4% 37.3% 14,518 15,931 120,276 Total: 56,048 MW Total: 322,344 GWh Nuclear Coal Gas Oil Hydro

7. Trend of electricity generation Installed capacity by source Electricity generation by source

8. Restructuring of electric power industry • Six Generation Companies (2000. 4. 2) • Five for Fossil Fuel Generation • One for Hydro and Nuclear Generation (KHNP) • Privatization is planned for Fossil Fuel Generation Companies • To ensure safety and proper radwaste management, privatization of Nuclear Generation Company is not determined • Economic Competitiveness has to be established for Nuclear Generation

9. Nuclear Power Plant Development • 1995 • 1990 • 2000 • 2005 • 2010 • 2015 1995 / 1996 Yonggwang 3&4 1998 / 1999 Ulchin 3&4 2002 Yonggwang 5&6 2004 / 2005 Ulchin 5&6 2009 / 2010 Shin-Kori 1& 2 2010 / 2011 Shin-Wolsong 1& 2 2011 / 2012 APR 1400 Development Shin-Kori 3&4 2014 / 2015 APR 1400 3rd & 4th APR 1400 Nth 2004.6

10. Long-term power development plan Projected electricity generation by source

11. National Nuclear R&D Program History Quality of Life • National Mid- and Long-Term • Nuclear R&D Program • Started in 1992 • Revised in 1997(1997~2006) Goals Technology Self-reliance Technological capability Budget • Government-sponsored budget • Nuclear R&D fund (Atomic Law) • Private investment KAERI plays a major role in implementing this program

12. Status and Prospects of R&D of KAERI Advanced Reactor & Fuel • System-Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor • Future Nuclear Fuel • Advanced Nuclear Fuel for PWR • Liquid Metal Reactor • DUPIC Fuel Cycle Tech. Nuclear Safety Radwaste Management • Nuclear Safety Enhancement • Thermal-hydraulic Behavior Test and Analysis • Severe Accident Experiment • Safety Regulation Researches • Spent Fuel Management and Utilization Tech. • HLW Disposal Tech. • Transmutation of Long-lived Radionuclides • Nuclear Chemistry Basic Tech. Fundamental Technology • Advanced Nuclear Material • Laser Application to Nuclear Industry • Research Reactor Utilization • I&C System of Nuclear Reactor Current Issues Related to NPP Application of Radiation & RI • Enhanced Performance of NPP in Operating • Periodic Safety Review Tech. • Enhanced Safety Tech. For Operating PHWR PHWR • Design Verification and Key Tech. Of Future Reactor • Radiation/RI Production and Application • Food Irradiation & Life Science • Industrial/Medical Application • Environmental Protection Tech. Securing Nuclear Core Technology

13. SMART (System-Integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor) Objective R&D Schedule Design Features • Power generation & Sea water desalination • Integral PWR (330 MWt) - 90Mwe, 40 kton of water/day • Inherent & Passive Safety 1997 2008 2002 Technology Technology Technology Development Verification Commercialization SMART NSSS SMART-P Design & SMART Plant Conceptual and Basic Construction Commercialization Design

14. International R&D Collaboration GEN IV Nuclear System IAEA INPRO • A chartered member • Participate in Technology Roadmap and R&D Planning International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) • A regular member state • A leading role in proliferation-resistance and physical protection • Evaluation methodology of DUPIC

15. Future challenges Future Nuclear Systems Environmental Friendliness Nuclear Safety Energy Efficiency Public Acceptance Economics Proliferation Resistance

16. The Role of Nuclear Energy in Korea National Energy Security Massive Energy Sources and Technology Intensive Energy Unique Choice for Sustainable Development Strengthening the Industrial competitiveness Public Welfare Improvement of Public Welfare through expansion of Radiation Utilization Enhancement of Technical Capabilities and Economic Competitiveness Realistic Countermeasure against Global Environmental Problems